The third part of the Pentateuch, which Jews usually refer to as Vayykera'’ (The first word in the Hebrew text, "And he called," has been very aptly named Leviticus in the Christian canon)Leviticus (scil. liber)), since it deals with worship, sacrifices, festivals, various kinds of purification, and several other similar subjects: all things that concerned the priests, members of the tribe of Levi, in an intimate and immediate way. Moreover, the rabbis themselves sometimes use similar terms of Torat kohânim, Law of the priests, and of Sefer torat haqqarbonôt, Book of the Law of Offerings.
Leviticus recounts only two strictly historical events: 1) the consecration of Aaron and his sons, followed by the terrible punishment of Nadab and Abiu (chapters 8-10); 2) the punishment of the blasphemer (24:10-23). It differs markedly in this respect from the books of the Exodus and Numbers, whose pages are devoted no less to history than to legislation. Moreover, as we have just hinted at in speaking of its name, the laws it contains have a special, consistently religious character, and are primarily related to the spiritual life of the theocratic nation. Leviticus thus contains the most significant part of the legislation of Sinai; it has therefore been rightly defined as the code for the religious organization of Israel as a community of God. All the precepts it contains aim to establish the closest possible union between the Lord and his people.
Moses, the inspired writer, confines himself to expounding the divine instructions of Leviticus, according to the order in which God communicated them to him; but this historical and chronological sequence coinciding very well with the very nature of things, groups of laws, and consequently divisions and subdivisions of the book, are formed in the most natural way.
The book is divided into two parts: 1) how Israel will approach its God, to inaugurate with Him the intimate relationship for which it was set apart from all nations (chapters 1-16); 2) the perpetual growth of Israel in holiness, in order to strengthen these sacred bonds daily (chapters 17-27). The first part is subdivided into three sections: sacrifices (chapters 1-7), priests (chapters 8-10), and the pure and the impure (chapters 11-16). The second part has only two sections: personal holiness in the various circumstances of family and social life (chapters 17-20), and the holiness of worship (chapters 21-27).
Importance of Leviticus. It stems either from the direct and immediate purpose of the book, or from its indirect, though principal, purpose.
The direct aim is the sanctification of all Israel, collectively and individually. The details are numerous and meticulous; but everything is grand when dealing with such a subject. Note especially the following passages. Holiness of worship: 2, 3, 10; 6, 17, 25, 29; 7, 1, 6; 10; 12, 17; 14, 13; 16, 4, etc. Holiness of the priests: 21, 6-8, 15, etc. Holiness of the nation: 6, 18, 27; 7, 21; 10, 3, 10; 11, 43-45; 15, 31; 18, 21; 19, 2; 20, 7, 20, etc.
The indirect, but main, purpose is Our Lord Jesus Christ, who must be seen under each of the prescriptions of Leviticus. A cult that is merely an image and a shadow of heavenly things., says Saint Paul (Hebrews 8:5. See chapters 9-10 in full). Saint Thomas Aquinas uses identical language in the 1has 2ae of the Summa Theologica, (Question 102, Articles 2, 3, and 6). But, if the slightest details prophesy Christ, they also prophesy the holiness of his kingdom, of his subjects, particularly of his priests, and with this difference: that the holiness of Israel was primarily external and legal, while that of the New Testament surpasses it immensely in its spiritual, internal character. Cf. Matthew 5, 17-48; St. Thomas, Summa Theologica, 1has 2ae, (q. 102, a.2)
Books to consult. — St. Augustine, Questions in Leviticus ; Theodoret, Questions in Leviticus ; the comments of Dom Augustin Calmet and Corneille de la Pierre (Latin: Cornelius a Lapide).
Leviticus 1
1 The Lord called to Moses and spoke to him about the tent of meeting, saying: 2 «Speak to the children of Israel and tell them: when one of you makes an offering to the Lord, it must be livestock that you must offer, from the herd or the flock. 3 If his offering is a burnt offering of cattle, he shall offer a male without blemish, he shall offer it at the entrance of the tent of meeting, to be accepted before the Lord. 4 He will lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering and he will be accepted in his favor to make atonement for him. 5 He shall slaughter the young bull before the Lord, and the priests, the sons of Aaron, shall offer the blood and sprinkle it all around on the altar that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 6 The holocaust will be stripped and cut into pieces. 7 The sons of the priest Aaron shall put fire on the altar and arrange wood on the fire, 8 Then the priests, sons of Aaron, shall arrange the pieces, with the head and the fat, on the wood placed on the fire of the altar. 9 The entrails and legs shall be washed with water, and the priest shall burn them all on the altar. It is a burnt offering, a sacrifice by fire, a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 10 If his offering is small livestock, a holocaust of lambs or goats, he will offer a male without blemish. 11 He shall slaughter it on the north side of the altar, before the Lord, and the priests, the sons of Aaron, shall sprinkle its blood all around on the altar. 12It will be cut into pieces, with its head and fat, then the priest will arrange them on the wood placed on the altar fire. 13 He shall wash the entrails and the legs in water, and the priest shall offer it all and burn it on the altar. It is a burnt offering, a sacrifice by fire, a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 14 If his offering to the Lord is a burnt offering of birds, he will offer turtledoves or young pigeons. 15 The priest will bring the bird to the altar, he will break its head with his fingernail and make it smoke on the altar and its blood will be squeezed against the wall of the altar. 16 He shall remove the crop with its feathers and throw it near the altar, towards the East, in the place where ashes are placed. 17 Then he shall cut the bird open along its wings, without separating them, and the priest shall burn it on the altar, on the wood placed on the fire. It is a burnt offering, a sacrifice by fire, a pleasing aroma to the Lord.
Leviticus 2
1 When someone presents an offering to the Lord, his offering shall be of fine flour, he shall pour oil over it and add frankincense. 2 He shall bring it to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and the priest shall take a handful of the fine flour mixed with oil, along with all the frankincense, and burn it on the altar as a memorial offering. It is a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 3 What remains of the offering will belong to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy thing among the sacrifices made by fire to the Lord. 4 When you offer an offering of baked goods, it shall be cakes of fine flour, unleavened, kneaded with oil, and unleavened wafers sprinkled with oil. 5 If you offer as an offering a cake cooked in a pan, it must be made of fine flour kneaded with oil, without leaven. 6 You shall break it into pieces and pour oil over it: it is an offering. 7 If you offer as an oblation a cake cooked in the pan, it will be made of flour with oil. 8 You shall bring to the Lord the offering thus prepared and it shall be presented to the priest, who shall bring it to the altar. 9 The priest will take what is to be offered as a memorial and will burn it on the altar: it is a sacrifice made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 10 What remains of the offering will belong to Aaron and his sons; it is a most holy thing among the sacrifices made by fire to the Lord. 11 Every offering that you present to the Lord must be prepared without leaven, for you shall not burn anything containing leaven or honey as an offering made by fire to the Lord. 12 You may present them to the Lord as firstfruits offerings, but they shall not be placed on the altar as pleasing aromas. 13 Everything you present as an offering must be salted; you must not let the salt of the covenant of your God be lacking in your offering; you must offer salt on all your offerings. 14 If you offer the Lord an offering of firstfruits, you shall present ears of grain roasted over the fire, freshly ground grain, as an offering of your firstfruits. 15 You shall pour oil on it and add incense to it; it is an offering. 16 The priest will burn some of the ground grain and oil, along with all the incense, as a memorial offering. This is a sacrifice made by fire to the Lord.
Leviticus 3
1 When a man offers a peace offering, if he offers cattle, male or female, he shall offer them without blemish before the Lord. 2 He shall lay his hand on the head of the victim and slit his throat at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and the priests, sons of Aaron, shall sprinkle the blood on the walls of the altar all around. 3 From this peaceful sacrifice, he shall offer as a burnt offering to the Lord: the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is attached to the entrails, 4 the two kidneys with the fat covering them and attached to the lumbar region, the liver membrane which he will detach near the kidneys. 5 Aaron's sons shall burn it on the altar, on top of the burnt offering that is on the wood that is on the fire. It is a sacrifice made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 6 If he offers small livestock, male or female, as a peaceful sacrifice to the Lord, he shall offer it without blemish. 7 If he offers a lamb as a sacrifice, he shall present it before the Lord. 8 He shall lay his hand on the head of the victim and slit his throat before the tent of meeting, and Aaron’s sons shall sprinkle the blood on the sides of the altar all around. 9 From this peaceful sacrifice, he shall offer as a burnt offering to the Lord: its fat, the whole tail, cut off near the spine, the fat that covers the entrails, and all the fat that is attached to the entrails, 10 the two kidneys, with the fat covering them and attached to the lumbar region, the liver membrane which he will detach near the kidneys. 11 The priest will burn this on the altar: it is the food of a sacrifice made by fire to the Lord. 12 If his offering is a goat, he shall present it before the Lord. 13 He shall lay his hand on the head of the victim and slit his throat before the tent of meeting, and Aaron’s sons shall sprinkle the blood on the sides of the altar all around. 14 From the victim, he shall offer as a sacrifice by fire to the Lord: the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is attached to the entrails, 15 the two kidneys, with the fat covering them and attached to the lumbar region, the liver membrane which he will detach near the kidneys. 16 The priest shall burn this on the altar: it is the food of a sacrifice made by fire, a pleasing aroma. All fat belongs to the Lord. 17 This is a perpetual statute for your descendants, wherever you live: you shall eat neither fat nor blood.»
Leviticus 4
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: When a man sins unintentionally against any of the Lord’s commandments concerning things that should not be done, and he does one of these things, 3 If it is the anointed priest who has sinned, thereby making the people guilty, he shall offer to the Lord for the sin he has committed a young bull without blemish, as a sin offering. 4 He shall bring the bull to the entrance of the tent of meeting, before the Lord, and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull and slaughter it before the Lord. 5 The anointed priest will take some of the bull's blood and bring it to the tent of meeting., 6 He shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before the Lord, in front of the veil of the sanctuary. 7 The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense, which is before the Lord in the tent of meeting, and he shall pour out all the rest of the blood of the bull at the foot of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 8 He shall then remove all the fat from the bull sacrificed for sin, the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that is attached to the entrails, 9 the two kidneys, with the fat covering them and attached to the lumbar region, the liver membrane which he will detach near the kidneys. 10 He shall remove these parts as they are removed from the bull in the peace offering, and he shall burn them on the altar of burnt offerings. 11 But the bull's hide, all its flesh, with its head, legs, entrails, and excrement, 12 the whole bull, he shall carry it out of the camp, to a clean place, where the ashes are thrown and he shall burn it on a fire on wood; it is on the pile of ashes that it shall be burned. 13 If the whole assembly of Israel sinned unintentionally, without it being apparent to them, and they did any of the things the Lord had forbidden, thus becoming guilty, 14 When the sin they have committed is acknowledged, the assembly shall offer a young bull as a sin offering and it shall be brought before the tent of meeting. 15 The elders of the assembly of Israel shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before the Lord, and the bull shall be slaughtered before the Lord. 16 The anointed priest will bring some of the bull's blood into the tent of meeting., 17 He shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before the Lord, in front of the veil. 18 He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar that is before the Lord in the tent of meeting, and he shall pour out all the rest of the blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 19 He will then remove all the fat from the bull and burn it on the altar. 20 He shall do with this bull as with the bull slain by the anointed priest; he shall do the same. In this way the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven. 21 He shall carry the bull outside the camp and burn it like the first bull. This is the sin offering of the congregation of Israel. 22 If it is a leader who has sinned, by mistakenly doing one of all the things that the Lord, his God, has forbidden to do, thus rendering himself guilty, 23 When the sin he has committed becomes known to him, he shall bring as his offering a male goat without blemish. 24 He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat and slaughter it in the place where burnt offerings are slaughtered before the Lord; it is a sin offering. 25 The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, put some of it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and sprinkle the rest of the blood at the foot of the altar. 26 Then he shall burn all the fat on the altar, as the fat of the peace offerings is burned. In this way the priest will make atonement for him for his sin, and he will be forgiven. 27 If anyone from the people of the land has sinned unintentionally, doing one of the things the Lord has forbidden, thus rendering themselves guilty, 28 When the sin he has committed becomes known to him, he shall bring as his offering a hairy goat, a female without blemish, for the sin he has committed. 29 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and he shall slaughter it in the place where burnt offerings are offered. 30 The priest shall take some of the victim's blood with his finger, put some of it on the horns of the altar of burnt offerings, and scatter all the rest of the blood at the foot of the altar. 31 He shall remove all the fat, as the fat is removed from the peace offering, and the priest shall burn it on the altar as a pleasing aroma to the Lord. In this way the priest shall make atonement for the man, and he shall be forgiven. 32 If he brings a lamb as a sin offering, he will bring a female without blemish. 33 He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it as a sin offering in the place where the burnt offering is offered. 34 The priest shall take some of the victim's blood with his finger, put some of it on the horns of the altar of burnt offerings, and scatter all the rest of the blood at the foot of the altar. 35 He shall remove all the fat, as the fat is removed from the lamb in the peace offering, and the priest shall burn it on the altar, on the offerings made by fire to the Lord. In this way the priest shall make atonement for the man for the sin he has committed, and he shall be forgiven.
Leviticus 5
1 If someone sins by not declaring what he saw or what he knows after hearing the judge's adjuration, he will bear his iniquity. 2 If anyone, without realizing it, touches an unclean thing, whether the carcass of an unclean wild animal, or the carcass of an unclean domestic animal, or the carcass of an unclean reptile, and thereby becomes unclean himself, he will have incurred a sin., 3 Similarly, if, without realizing it, he touches any human impurity by which one can be defiled and he later realizes it, he will have committed a fault. 4 If someone, speaking lightly, swears to do harm or good, whatever he affirms by such an ill-considered oath, and, not having noticed it at first, he later realizes it, he will have contracted a fault in one of these things. 5 Therefore, whoever is guilty of any of these three things must confess what he has sinned in. 6 He shall bring to the Lord, as an atonement for the sin he has committed, a female sheep or goat, as a sin offering, and the priest shall make atonement for his sin. 7 If he cannot afford a sheep or a goat, he shall offer to the Lord, as expiation for his sin, two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one as a sin offering, the other as a burnt offering. 8 He will bring them to the priest, who will first offer the sin offering. The priest will break its head near the nape of the neck, without severing it., 9 He shall sprinkle the blood of the sin offering against the side of the altar and the rest of the blood shall be poured out at the foot of the altar; it is a sin offering. 10 He shall make the other bird a burnt offering, according to the rites of that sacrifice. In this way the priest will make atonement for the man for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven. 11 If he cannot afford two turtledoves or two young pigeons, he shall bring as an offering for his sin a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a sin offering; he shall not put oil on it and he shall not add incense to it, for it is a sin offering. 12 He shall bring it to the priest and the priest shall take a handful of it as a memorial portion and burn it on the altar, on the offerings made by fire to the Lord; it is a sin offering. 13 Thus the priest will make atonement for this man, for the sin he has committed with regard to one of these three things, and he will be forgiven. What remains will belong to the priest, as in an offering.» 14 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 15 «If anyone commits an act of unfaithfulness and sins unintentionally by withholding anything from the holy offerings of the Lord, he shall bring to the Lord as a guilt offering a ram without blemish, taken from the flock, valued by you in shekels of silver, according to the shekel of the sanctuary; it shall be a guilt offering. 16 And he shall restore what he has wronged in the sanctuary, plus a fifth more, and give it to the priest. And the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram offered as a guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven. 17 If anyone sins by unknowingly doing any of the things that the Lord has forbidden, he will be guilty and will bear his iniquity. 18 He shall bring to the priest, as a guilt offering, a ram without blemish, taken from the flock according to your valuation. And the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin he committed unintentionally, and he shall be forgiven. 19 It is an act of atonement; this man was certainly guilty before the Lord.» 20 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 21 «If anyone sins and commits unfaithfulness against the Lord, by lying to his neighbor about a deposit, a pledge placed in his possession, or a stolen item, or by doing violence to his neighbor, 22 by lying about a lost object that he found, by making a false oath about one of the things in which a man can sin: 23 When he has sinned in this way and become guilty, he shall restore the thing stolen or taken by violence, the deposit entrusted to him, the lost object he found, 24 or any object about which he has sworn falsely. He shall restore it in its entirety, with one-fifth of its value added, and hand it over to its owner on the very day he offers his sacrifice of reparation. 25 He shall bring to the priest, to be offered to the Lord as a guilt offering, a ram without blemish, taken from the flock according to your valuation. 26 and the priest will make atonement for him before the Lord, and he will be forgiven for whatever sin he has committed.»
Leviticus 6
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Give this order to Aaron and his sons, and tell them: This is the law of the burnt offering. The burnt offering shall be burned on the hearth of the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning there.”. 3 Each morning, the priest, having put on his linen tunic and linen undergarments, shall remove the ashes left by the fire that consumed the burnt offering on the altar and place them beside the altar., 4 Then he will take off his clothes and put on others to carry the ashes out of the camp to a clean place. 5 The fire on the altar shall be kept burning without going out, the priest shall light wood on it every morning, arrange the burnt offering on it and smoke the fat of the peace offerings on it. 6 A perpetual fire must burn on the altar without going out. 7 This is the law of the offering: the sons of Aaron shall present it before the Lord, before the altar. 8 The priest shall take a handful of flour with its oil and all the incense that is on the offering and he shall burn this on the altar, as a pleasant aroma, as a remembrance to the Lord. 9 What remains of the offering, Aaron and his sons shall eat, they shall eat it unleavened, in the holy place, in the court of the tent of meeting. 10 It shall not be baked with leaven. It is the portion I have assigned to them from my offerings made by fire. It is most holy, like the sin offering and the guilt offering. 11 Every male among Aaron's descendants may eat of it. This is a perpetual statute for your descendants concerning the offerings made by fire to the Lord. Whoever touches it shall be holy.» 12 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 13 «"This is the offering that Aaron and his sons will make to the Lord on the day he receives his anointing: a tenth of an ephah of fine flour, as a perpetual offering, half in the morning and half in the evening. 14 It will be prepared in the pan with oil, you will bring it when it is fried and you will offer it in pieces, as a divided offering, a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 15 The priest who has received the anointing, who will succeed him from among his sons, shall also make this offering: it is a perpetual statute before the Lord, it shall go up in smoke. 16 Every offering made by the priest shall be consumed in its entirety; it shall not be eaten.» 17 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 18 «Speak to Aaron and his sons and tell them: This is the law of the sin offering: In the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, the sin offering shall be slaughtered before the Lord; it is most holy. 19 The priest who offers the sin offering shall eat it; it shall be eaten in the holy place, in the courtyard of the tent of meeting. 20 Whoever touches its flesh shall be holy. If any blood splashes on a garment, you shall wash the spot where the blood splashes in a holy place. 21 The earthenware pot in which it was cooked will be broken; if it was cooked in a bronze pot, it will be cleaned and rinsed in water. 22 Every male among the priests may eat of it: it is a most holy thing. 23 But no sin offering, whose blood must be brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the sanctuary, shall be eaten; it shall be burned with fire.
Leviticus 7
1 This is the law of the sacrifice of reparation; it is a most holy thing. 2 It is in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered that the guilt offering shall be slaughtered. Its blood shall be sprinkled on the altar all around. 3 We will offer all of its fat, the tail, the fat that surrounds the entrails, 4 the two kidneys with the fat covering them and attached to the lumbar region and the liver membrane, which will be detached near the kidneys. 5 The priest will burn them on the altar as a fire sacrifice to the Lord. It is a sin offering. 6 Every male among the priests shall eat its flesh, he shall eat it in a holy place: it is a most holy thing. 7 The same applies to the sacrifice of reparation as to the sacrifice for sin; the law is the same for both: the victim will belong to the priest who will make the expiation. 8 The priest who offers someone's holocaust will have the skin of the holocaust he offered as his own. 9 Any offering baked in the oven and any that is prepared in a saucepan or frying pan shall belong to the priest who offered it. 10 Every offering, whether kneaded with oil or dry, shall be for all the sons of Aaron, who shall have an equal share of it. 11 This is the law of the peace sacrifice that we shall offer to the Lord. 12 If it is offered in gratitude, one will offer, along with the victim of gratitude, unleavened cakes kneaded with oil, unleavened flatbreads sprinkled with oil, flour fried into cakes kneaded with oil. 13 Leavened cakes will be added to the offering which will be presented with the victim in recognition of its peaceful sacrifice. 14 A piece of each of these offerings taken for the Lord will be presented; it will be for the priest who has sprinkled the blood of the peaceful victim. 15 The flesh of the victim of recognition of the peaceful sacrifice will be eaten on the day it is offered; nothing will be left until morning. 16 If the victim is offered as a result of a vow or as a voluntary offering, the victim shall be eaten on the day it was offered and what remains of it shall be eaten the next day. 17 Any remaining flesh of the victim on the third day will be consumed by fire. 18 If a man eats the meat of his peace offering on the third day, that offering will not be accepted, nor will it be credited to the one who offered it; it will be an abomination, and whoever eats of it will bear his iniquity. 19 The flesh that has touched anything unclean shall not be eaten; it shall be consumed by fire. But the flesh of the peace offering may be eaten by any clean person. 20 But whoever, being in a state of impurity, eats of the flesh of the peace offering belonging to the Lord, that person shall be cut off from his people. 21 And whoever touches anything unclean, whether human or animal uncleanness, or any other unclean abomination, and eats any of the flesh of the peace offering belonging to the Lord, that person shall be cut off from his people.» 22 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 23 «Speak to the children of Israel and tell them: You shall not eat the fat of the ox, the sheep, or the goat. 24 The fat of an animal that died or was torn apart by a wild beast may be used for some purpose, but you shall not eat it in any way. 25 For whoever eats the fat of the animals offered to the Lord as sacrifices made by fire shall be cut off from his people. 26 You shall not eat blood, nor bird, nor four-footed animal, in any of the places where you dwell. 27 "Anyone who eats any blood whatsoever shall be cut off from his people."» 28 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 29 «Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: He who offers to the Lord his peace offering shall bring to the Lord his offering taken from his peace offering. 30 He shall bring in his hands what is to be offered by fire to the Lord: he shall bring the fat with the breast, the breast to wave before the Lord. 31 The priest shall burn the fat on the altar, and the breast shall be for Aaron and his sons. 32 You shall also give to the priest the right thigh as an offering taken from your peaceful victims. 33 The son of Aaron who offers the blood and fat of peaceful victims will have the right thigh as his portion. 34 For I have taken from the peaceful sacrifices of the children of Israel the breast to be waved and the shoulder to be taken, and I give them to Aaron the priest and to his sons as a perpetual tribute imposed on the children of Israel. 35 This is the right of Aaron's anointing and the right of his sons' anointing over the sacrifices made by fire to the Lord, from the day they are presented to be priests in the service of the Lord. 36 This is what the Lord commanded the children of Israel to give them from the day of their anointing; it shall be a perpetual tribute among their descendants.» 37 This is the law of the burnt offering, the oblation, the sin offering, the atonement offering, the installation offering, and the peace offering. 38 The Lord prescribed it to Moses on Mount Sinai, on the day he commanded the children of Israel to present their offerings to the Lord in the desert of Sinai.
Leviticus 8
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Take Aaron and his sons with him, the garments, the anointing oil, the bull for the sin offering, the two rams, and the basket of unleavened bread, 3 and summons the entire assembly to the entrance of the meeting tent.» 4 Moses did as the Lord had commanded him, and the assembly having gathered at the entrance of the tent of meeting, 5 Moses said to the assembly, "This is what the Lord has commanded us to do."« 6 Moses brought Aaron and his sons near and washed them with water. 7 He put the tunic on Aaron, fastened the sash around him, clothed him in the robe, and placed the ephod on him, 8 which he fastened with the ephod's belt and tied it on him. He put the breastpiece on him and attached the Urim and Thummim to the breastpiece. 9 And, having placed the tiara on his head, he placed on the front of the tiara the golden plate, the sacred diadem, as the Lord had commanded Moses. 10 And Moses took the anointing oil, anointed the Tabernacle and all the things in it, and consecrated them. 11 He sprinkled the altar seven times and anointed the altar with all its utensils, as well as the basin with its base, to consecrate them. 12 He poured anointing oil on Aaron's head and anointed him to consecrate him. 13 Moses also brought Aaron's sons near, dressed them in tunics, girded them with sashes, and fastened miters on them, as the Lord had commanded Moses. 14 He brought the bull for the sin offering, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the bull for the sin offering. 15 Moses slaughtered it, took some of the blood, put some of it with his finger on the horns of the altar all around and purified the altar, he sprinkled the rest of the blood at the foot of the altar and consecrated it by making atonement over it. 16 He then took all the fat that covers the entrails, the covering of the liver and the two kidneys with their fat and he smoked them on the altar. 17 But the bull, its skin, its flesh, and its excrement, he burned outside the camp, as the Lord had commanded Moses. 18 He brought the ram of the burnt offering near, and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram. 19 They slaughtered him and Moses sprinkled the blood all around the altar. 20 Then they cut the ram into pieces and Moses smoked the head, the pieces, and the fat. 21 They washed the entrails and the legs in water and Moses burned the whole ram on the altar: it was a burnt offering of pleasing aroma, a sacrifice made by fire to the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses. 22 He brought in the other ram, the installation ram. Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the ram's head, 23 Moses slaughtered the ram, took some of its blood and put it on the lobe of Aaron’s right ear, on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot. 24 He brought Aaron's sons near, put some of the blood on the lobe of their right ear, on the thumb of their right hand, and on the big toe of their right foot, and then he sprinkled the rest of the blood all around the altar. 25 He then took the fat, the tail, all the fat covering the entrails, the liver casing, the two kidneys with their fat, and the right thigh, 26 He also took from the basket of unleavened bread placed before the Lord an unleavened cake, a loaf of bread made with oil, and a wafer, and he placed them on the fat portions and on his right thigh. 27 And having placed all these things in the hands of Aaron and in the hands of his sons, he waved them as an offering before the Lord. 28 Then Moses took them from their hands and burned them on the altar, on top of the burnt offering, for it was a dispensation, a pleasing aroma, a sacrifice made by fire to the Lord. 29 Moses took the breast of the installation ram and waved it as an offering before the Lord: this was Moses' portion, as the Lord had commanded Moses. 30 Moses took some of the anointing oil and some of the blood that was on the altar, and sprinkled it on Aaron and his garments, and on Aaron’s sons and their garments, and so consecrated Aaron and his garments, and his sons and their garments with him. 31 Moses said to Aaron and his sons, «Bake the meat at the entrance of the tent of meeting, there you shall eat it, with the bread that is in the basket of installation, as I commanded, saying: Aaron and his sons shall eat it. 32 And what remains of the meat and the bread, you shall burn in the fire. 33 For seven days you shall not leave the entrance of the tent of meeting, until the days of your installation are completed, for your installation shall last seven days. 34 What has been done today, the Lord has commanded to be done for seven days in order to make atonement for you. 35 »You shall remain seven days, day and night, at the entrance to the tent of meeting, and you shall observe the commands of the Lord, so that you do not die, for this is what I have been commanded.” 36 Aaron and his sons did all the things that the Lord had commanded through Moses.
Leviticus 9
1 On the eighth day, Moses summoned Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel. 2 He said to Aaron, «Take a young calf for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering, both without blemish, and offer them before the Lord. 3 You shall speak to the children of Israel, saying: Take a male goat for a sin offering, and a calf and a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering, 4 an ox and a ram for a peace offering, to be slaughtered before the Lord, and a grain offering mixed with oil. For today the Lord will appear to you.» 5 They brought before the tent of meeting what Moses had commanded, and the whole assembly approached and stood before the Lord. 6 Then Moses said, «Do as the Lord commands you, and the glory of the Lord will appear to you.» 7 Moses said to Aaron, «Go up to the altar and offer your sin offering and your burnt offering and make atonement for yourself and for the people. Also, present the people’s offering and make atonement for them, as the Lord has commanded.» 8 Aaron approached the altar and slaughtered the calf of the sin offering offered for him. 9 Aaron's sons having presented him with the blood, he dipped his finger in it, put some on the horns of the altar, and sprinkled the blood at the base of the altar. 10 He burned the fat, the kidneys, and the liver casing of the sin offering on the altar, as the Lord had commanded Moses, 11 But the flesh and the skin he burned with fire outside the camp. 12 He slaughtered the burnt offering and when Aaron's sons presented the blood to him, he sprinkled it all around the altar. 13 They presented him with the burnt offering cut into pieces, including the head, and he had them burned on the altar. 14 He washed the entrails and the legs and burned them on the altar over the burnt offering. 15 He then presented the people's offering. He took the goat of the sin offering offered for the people and, having slaughtered it, he offered it as an atonement, as he had done for the first victim. 16 He likewise offered the burnt offering and sacrificed it according to the rite. 17 He presented the offering, took a handful of it and consumed it on the altar, in addition to the morning burnt offering. 18 Finally, he slaughtered the bull and the ram as a peaceful sacrifice for the people. Aaron's sons presented the blood to him, which he sprinkled all around the altar., 19 as well as the fatty parts of the bull and ram, the tail, the fat surrounding the entrails, the kidneys and the covering of the liver, 20 And they placed the fat on the breasts, and he burned the fat on the altar. 21 Then Aaron waved his breasts and right thigh before the Lord as a swung offering, as Moses had commanded. 22 Then Aaron raised his hands toward the people and blessed them, and he came down after offering the sin offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offering. 23 Moses and Aaron entered the tent of meeting, and when they came out, they blessed the people. And the glory of the Lord appeared to all the people., 24 And fire came out from the presence of the Lord and consumed the burnt offering and the fat on the altar. And all the people saw it and shouted for joy and fell facedown to the ground.
Leviticus 10
1 Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abiu, each took their censer, put fire in it, and placed incense on it, and brought before the Lord a strange fire, which he had not commanded them. 2 Then fire came out from before the Lord and devoured them; they died before the Lord. 3 And Moses said to Aaron, «This is what the Lord declared when he said: »I shall be sanctified among those who approach me, and I shall be glorified in the sight of all the people.’” Aaron remained silent. 4 Then Moses summoned Mishael and Elishaphon, sons of Uziel, Aaron's uncle, and said to them, "Come here, carry your brothers away from the sanctuary, out of the camp."« 5 They approached and carried them out of the camp, wearing their tunics, as Moses had commanded. 6 Moses said to Aaron, Eleazar, and Ithamar, «Do not let the hair of your head hang loose, nor tear your clothes, or you will die and the Lord will be angry with the whole congregation. Let your brothers, all the house of Israel, mourn over the fire the Lord has kindled.”. 7 »As for you, you shall not leave the entrance of the tent of meeting, lest you die, for the anointing oil of the Lord is upon you.” They did as Moses had said. 8 The Lord spoke to Aaron, saying: 9 «You and your sons with you shall not drink wine or other fermented drink when you enter the tent of meeting, lest you die: this is a perpetual statute for your generations, 10 and so that you may know how to distinguish between what is holy and what is profane, between what is pure and what is impure, 11 and so that you may teach the children of Israel all the laws that the Lord gave them through Moses. 12 Moses said to Aaron, Eleazar, and Ithamar, the two sons who remained of Aaron: «Take the offering that remains of the sacrifices made by fire to the Lord and eat it unleavened near the altar, for it is most holy. 13 You shall eat it in a holy place: this is your right and the right of your sons to the offerings made by fire to the Lord, this is what I have been commanded. 14 You, your sons, and your daughters with you shall also eat in a clean place the breast that was swung and the thigh that was taken away, for these pieces are given to you as your right and the right of your sons on the peace offerings of the children of Israel. 15 They shall bring, besides the fat to be consumed by fire, the thigh that is taken and the breast that is waved, to be waved before the Lord; these shall be for you and your sons with you by a perpetual statute, as the Lord has commanded.» 16 Moses inquired about the goat that had been sacrificed for sin, and behold, it had been burned. Then he became angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, the remaining sons of Aaron, and he said to them: 17 «Why did you not eat the sin offering in the holy place? For it is a most holy thing, and the Lord gave it to you to bear the iniquity of the assembly, to make atonement for it before the Lord.”. 18 »Look, the blood of the sacrifice was not brought into the sanctuary; you should have eaten it in a holy place, as I commanded.” 19 Aaron said to Moses, «Look, they have offered their sin offering and their burnt offering before the Lord today, but after what has happened to me, if I had eaten the sin offering today, would that have been acceptable in the sight of the Lord?» 20 When Moses heard these words, he was pleased with them.
Leviticus 11
1 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying: 2 «Speak to the children of Israel and say: These are the animals that you may eat from among all the beasts that are on the earth: 3 Any animal that has a divided hoof and a cloven foot and that chews the cud, you may eat. 4 But you shall not eat those that merely chew the cud, or that have only a divided hoof. Such is the camel, which chews the cud but whose hoof is not divided: it shall be unclean for you. 5 Like the hyrax, which chews the cud, but does not have a divided horn: it will be unclean for you. 6 Like the hare, which chews the cud but does not have a divided horn: it will be unclean for you. 7 Like the pig, which has a divided horn and a cloven foot, but does not chew the cud: it shall be unclean for you. 8 You shall not eat of their flesh and you shall not touch their dead bodies: they shall be unclean for you. 9 These are the animals that you may eat from among all those that are in the waters: Everything that has fins and scales, whether in the sea or in the rivers, you may eat. 10 But you shall regard as an abomination everything that does not have fins and scales, whether in the seas or in the rivers, among all the animals that move in the waters, or among all the living creatures that are in them. 11 They shall be an abomination to you; you shall not eat their flesh and you shall regard their corpses as abominable. 12 Anything in the waters that does not have fins and scales, you shall regard as an abomination. 13 These are the birds you are to regard as an abomination; they must not be eaten—they are an abomination: the eagle, the osprey, and the vulture. 14 the kite and all kinds of falcons, 15 all kinds of crows, 16 the ostrich, the tawny owl, the seagull, and all kinds of sparrowhawks, 17 the owl, the cormorant and the barn owl, 18 the swan, the pelican and the white vulture, 19 the stork, all species of herons, the hoopoe and the bat. 20 Any winged insect that walks on four legs, you shall abhor. 21 But, among all the winged insects that walk on four legs, you may eat those that have legs above their feet, to jump on the ground. 22 These are the ones you may eat: every kind of grasshopper, locust, cricket, and locust. 23 Any other winged beast with four legs, you shall regard as an abomination. 24 These too will make you unclean: whoever touches their dead body will be unclean until evening 25 and whoever carries away any part of their dead body shall wash his clothes and be unclean until evening. 26 Any animal that has a divided hoof, but does not have a cloven foot and does not chew the cud, shall be unclean to you; whoever touches it shall become unclean. 27 And among the four-footed animals, anything that walks on the soles of its feet will be unclean for you; whoever touches their dead bodies will be unclean until evening. 28 And whoever carries their dead body must wash their clothes and be unclean until evening. These animals will be unclean for you. 29 These are the small creatures that crawl on the earth that are unclean for you: the weasel, the mouse, and every kind of lizard, 30 the shrew, the chameleon, the salamander, the green lizard and the mole. 31 These are the reptiles that will be unclean for you: whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean until evening. 32 Any object on which any dead body falls shall be unclean: wooden utensil, garment, skin, bag, any object used, it shall be put into water and it shall remain unclean until evening, after which it shall be clean. 33 If any of it falls into the middle of any earthenware vessel, everything in the middle of the vessel will be defiled, and you must break the vessel. 34 Any food prepared with water will be defiled, and any drink consumed, regardless of the vessel in which it is contained, will be defiled. 35 Any object on which any part of their dead body falls will be defiled; the oven and the vessel with its lid will be destroyed; they will be defiled and you will consider them defiled. 36 But springs and cisterns, where pools of water are formed, will remain pure; however, whoever touches a dead body will be unclean. 37 If anything from their dead body falls on seed that is to be sown, the seed will remain pure., 38 But if water has been put on the seed and something from their dead body falls on it, you shall consider it defiled. 39 If one of the animals that you use for food dies, whoever touches its carcass will be unclean until evening. 40 Anyone who eats its dead body must wash their clothes and be unclean until evening; anyone who carries its dead body must wash their clothes and be unclean until evening. 41 You shall regard as an abomination every creeping thing that creeps on the earth: you shall not eat it. 42 You shall not eat any animal that crawls on the earth, whether those that crawl on their bellies, or those that walk on four feet or on many feet, for you shall regard them as an abomination. 43 Do not make yourselves abominable with all these creeping things that crawl, do not make yourselves unclean with them, you would be defiled by them. 44 For I am the Lord your God, you shall sanctify yourselves and be holy, for I am holy, and you shall not defile yourselves with any of these creeping things that crawl on the earth. 45 For I am the Lord, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt to be your God. You shall be holy, for I am holy.» 46This is the law concerning four-legged animals, birds, all living creatures that move in the waters, and all creatures that crawl on the earth, 47 so that you may distinguish between what is unclean and what is clean, between the animal that may be eaten and the one that may not be eaten.
Leviticus 12
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: When a woman gives birth and delivers a son, she shall be unclean for seven days, she shall be unclean as in the days of her menstrual impurity. 3 On the eighth day, the child will be circumcised, 4 but she will remain for another thirty-three days in the blood of her purification; she will not touch anything holy, nor will she go to the sanctuary, until the days of her purification are completed. 5 If she gives birth to a daughter, she will be impure for two weeks, as during her menstrual indisposition, and she will remain sixty-six days in the blood of her purification. 6 When the days of her purification are completed, for a son or a daughter, she shall present to the priest, at the entrance of the tent of meeting, a one-year-old lamb as a burnt offering and a young pigeon or a turtledove as a sin offering. 7 The priest shall offer them before the Lord and make atonement for her, and she shall be clean from the flow of her blood. This is the law for the woman who gives birth to either a son or a daughter. 8 If she cannot afford a lamb, she should take two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering, and the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean.»
Leviticus 13
1 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying: 2 «When a man has on the skin of his flesh a swelling, an inflammation, or a white spot, and so comes a leprous sore on the skin of his flesh, he shall be brought to Aaron the priest, or to one of his sons who are priests. 3 The priest shall examine the sore that is on the skin of the flesh: if the hair of the sore has turned white and the sore appears to be deeper than the skin of the flesh, it is a leprous sore: the priest, having examined this man, shall pronounce him unclean. 4 If there is on the skin of his flesh a white spot which does not appear deeper than the skin and the hair has not turned white, the priest shall sequester for seven days the one who has the sore. 5 On the seventh day the priest shall examine him: if the wound appears to him not to have progressed, not having spread on the skin, the priest shall isolate him a second time for seven days. 6 The priest shall examine him a second time on the seventh day: if the sore has become dull and has not spread on the skin, the priest shall pronounce the man clean: it is a rash, he shall wash his clothes and he shall be clean. 7 But if the rash has spread on the skin, after he has shown himself to the priest to be declared clean, he shall show himself a second time to the priest. 8 The priest will examine him and, if the rash has spread over the skin, the priest will pronounce him unclean: it is leprosy. 9 When a man has a leprous sore, he shall be brought to the priest. 10 The priest will examine it. And behold, there is a white swelling on the skin, and this swelling has caused the hair to turn white, and there is a trace of raw flesh in the swelling., 11 It is an incurable leprosy in the skin of his flesh: the priest will declare him unclean, he will not confine him, for this man is unclean. 12 But if leprosy has broken out on the skin and covers all the skin of the person with the afflicted area, from head to foot, according to all that the priest's eyes see, 13 The priest will examine him and if leprosy covers the whole body, he will pronounce the one who has the sore clean: he has become completely white, he is clean. 14 But on the day living flesh is seen in him, he will be unclean., 15 When the priest sees the living flesh, he will pronounce it unclean; the living flesh is unclean, it is leprosy. 16 If the living flesh changes and becomes white, he will go to the priest. 17 The priest will examine him and if the wound has turned white, the priest will pronounce the one who has the wound clean: he is clean. 18 When a man has had an ulcer on his body, on his skin, and when that ulcer has healed, 19 In place of the ulcer, there will be a white tumor or a reddish-white spot; this man will show himself to the priest. 20 The priest will examine it. If the spot appears to be deeper than the skin and the hair in it has turned white, the priest will pronounce it unclean: it is a leprous sore that has broken out in the ulcer. 21 But if the priest sees that there is no white hair in the spot, that it is not deeper than the skin and that it has become pale, he will sequester this man for seven days. 22 If, during this time, the spot has spread on the skin, the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a leprous disease. 23 If, on the other hand, the stain has remained in its place, without spreading, it is the scar of the ulcer: the priest will declare him clean. 24 When a man has a burn on his body, on his skin, caused by fire, if a white or reddish-white spot forms on the burn mark, 25 The priest will examine him. If the hair has turned white in the spot and it appears deeper than the skin, it is leprosy; if it has broken out in the burn, the priest will pronounce this man unclean; it is a leprous sore. 26 But if the priest sees that there is no white hair in the spot, that it is not deeper than the skin and that it has become pale, he will sequester this man for seven days. 27 The priest will examine him on the seventh day. If the spot has spread on the skin, the priest will pronounce him unclean: it is a leprous disease. 28 But if the spot has remained in the same place, without spreading on the skin and has become pale, it is the tumor of the burn, the priest will declare him clean, for it is the scar of the burn. 29 When a man or woman has a wound on the head or chin, the priest will examine the wound. 30 If it appears deeper than the skin and there is yellowish and thin hair, the priest will pronounce that man unclean: it is ringworm, it is leprosy of the head or of the chin. 31 If the priest sees that the ringworm sore does not appear to be deeper than the skin, but there is no black hair, the priest will sequester the person with the ringworm sore for seven days. 32 On the seventh day, the priest will examine the sore. If the ringworm has not spread, if there are no yellowish hairs, and if the ringworm does not appear to be deeper than the skin, 33 The one who has ringworm shall shave, but he shall not shave the place of the sore, and the priest shall confine him a second time for seven days. 34 On the seventh day, the priest shall examine the itch: if the itch has not spread on the skin and does not appear to be deeper than the skin, the priest shall pronounce that man clean: he shall wash his clothes and he shall be clean. 35 If, however, after it has been declared clean, ringworm spreads on the skin, 36 The priest will examine him, and if the ringworm has spread over the skin, the priest will not have to look for yellowish hair: the man is unclean. 37 But if the ringworm appears to have made no progress and black hairs have grown there, the ringworm is cured: the man is clean and the priest will declare him clean. 38 When a man or woman has white spots on their skin, 39 The priest will examine him. If there are pale white spots on his skin, it is vitiligo that has grown on the skin: he is pure. 40 When a man has lost the hair on his head, he is bald, but he is pure. 41 If his hair has fallen out on the side of his face, he has a bald forehead, but he is pure. 42 But if, in the bald part at the front or back, there is a reddish-white sore, it is leprosy that has erupted in the bald part at the back or front. 43 The priest will examine it. If the sore is a reddish-white tumor in the bald area at the back or front, resembling leprosy of the skin or flesh, 44 He is a leper, he is unclean: the priest will pronounce him unclean: his leprous sore is on his head. 45 The leper, afflicted with the plague, shall wear his torn clothes and let his hair hang loose, he shall cover his beard and cry out: Unclean! Unclean! 46 As long as his affliction lasts, he will be unclean. He is unclean; he will live alone, his dwelling will be outside the camp. 47 When a leprous sore appears on a garment, whether it is linen or wool, 48 to linen or wool yarn intended for the warp or weft, to a hide or to any work made of hide, 49 if the sore is greenish or reddish on the garment, on the skin, on the thread intended for the warp or weft, on any object made of skin, it is a leprous sore, it shall be shown to the priest. 50 The priest, after examining the wound, will lock away the object with the wound for seven days. 51 On the seventh day, he shall examine the sore: if the sore has spread to the garment, to the warp or weft thread, to the skin, or to any article made of skin, it is a sore of malignant leprosy; the object is unclean. 52 He shall burn the garment, the linen or woolen thread intended for the warp or weft, any object of skin on which the sore is located, for it is malignant leprosy: the object shall be burned with fire. 53But if the priest sees that the wound has not spread to the garment, to the warp or weft thread, or to any object made of leather, 54 He will have the object with the wound washed and he will lock it up a second time for seven days. 55 The priest shall examine the sore seven days after it has been washed. If it has not changed in appearance and has not spread, the object is unclean: you shall burn it with fire, for leprosy has eaten away at its surface or its underside. 56 But if the priest sees that the wound, seven days after it has been washed, has turned pale, he shall tear it out of the garment, the skin, or the thread intended for the warp or the weft. 57 If it reappears afterward on the garment, on the thread intended for the warp or weft, or on any object made of skin, it is a leprous eruption; you shall consume with fire the object affected by the sore. 58 But the garment, the thread for the warp or the weft, every article of skin which you have washed and from which the sore has disappeared, shall be washed a second time and it shall be clean. 59 This is the law concerning the plague of leprosy that afflicts garments of wool or linen, the thread for the warp or the weft, and any article made of leather, to declare these things clean or unclean.»
Leviticus 14
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «This is the law concerning the leper on the day of his cleansing. He shall be brought to the priest 3 and the priest, having gone out of the camp, shall examine him. If the leper is healed of the leprous sore, 4 The priest shall order that two live clean birds, cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop be taken for the one to be purified. 5 The priest will have one of the birds slaughtered over an earthenware vessel, on fresh water. 6 Then, having taken the live bird, the cedar wood, the crimson dye, and the hyssop, he shall dip them, along with the live bird, in the blood of the bird that was slaughtered in the running water. 7 He shall sprinkle seven times the one who is to be cleansed of leprosy, and declare him clean, and release the live bird into the fields. 8 The one who is purified shall wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, and bathe in water, and he shall be clean. Then he may enter the camp, but he shall remain outside his tent for seven days. 9 On the seventh day, he shall shave off all his hair, his head, his beard, his eyebrows, he shall shave off all his hair, he shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water and he shall be clean. 10 On the eighth day, he shall take two lambs without blemish and one ewe a year old without blemish, three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, as an offering and a log of oil. 11 The priest who performs the purification shall present the man who is being purified and all these things before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of meeting. 12 The priest shall take one of the lambs and offer it as a guilt offering, along with the log of oil, and wave them as a wave offering before the Lord. 13 He shall sacrifice the lamb in the place where sin offerings and burnt offerings are sacrificed, namely, in the holy place, for in the guilt offering, as in the sin offering, the victim belongs to the priest: it is a most holy thing. 14 The priest, having taken some of the blood from the guilt offering, shall put some of it on the lobe of the right ear of the one being purified, on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot. 15 The priest will take the log of oil and pour some into the hollow of his left hand. 16 The priest will dip the finger of his right hand into the oil that is in the hollow of his left hand and will sprinkle the oil seven times with the finger before the Lord. 17 Then, with the oil that remains in his hand, the priest shall put some on the lobe of the right ear of the one being purified, on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot, over the blood of the victim of reparation. 18 The priest shall put whatever oil remains in his hand on the head of the one who is being purified, and the priest shall make atonement for him before the Lord. 19 Then the priest will offer the sin offering and make atonement for the one who is being cleansed from their impurity. Finally, having slaughtered the burnt offering, 20 The priest shall offer the burnt offering with the grain offering on the altar and make atonement for that man, and he shall be clean. 21 If he is poor and his means are limited, he shall take a single lamb as a guilt offering, a wave offering, to make atonement for him. He shall take one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil for the offering and one log of oil, 22 as well as two turtledoves or two young pigeons, according to his means, one for a sin offering, the other for a burnt offering. 23 On the eighth day, he shall bring them to the priest for his purification, at the entrance of the tent of meeting, before the Lord. 24 The priest will take the lamb for the guilt offering and the log of oil and wave them before the Lord. 25 And, after sacrificing the lamb of the guilt offering, the priest shall take some of the blood of the guilt offering and put it on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be purified, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot. 26 The priest will then pour oil into the palm of his left hand. 27 The priest shall sprinkle the oil from his left hand with the finger of his right hand seven times before the Lord. 28 The priest shall put some of the oil that is in his hand on the lobe of the right ear of the one being purified, on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot, in the place where he put some of the blood of the victim of reparation. 29 The priest shall put whatever oil remains in his hand on the head of the one who is being purified, to make atonement for him before the Lord. 30 Then he will offer one of the turtledoves or one of the young pigeons that he has been able to obtain, 31 one as a sin offering, the other as a burnt offering with a grain offering, the priest will thus make atonement before the Lord for the one who is being purified. 32 This is the law for the purification of one who has a leprous disease and whose means are limited.» 33 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying: 34 «When you enter the land of Canaan, which I am giving you to possess, if I put a plague of leprosy on a house in the land you are possessing, 35 The owner of the house shall go and declare it to the priest and say: I see something like a leprous sore on my house. 36 Before entering to examine the wound, the priest will have the house emptied, so that everything in it will not become unclean; after this, the priest will enter to examine the house. 37 The priest will examine the wound. If the wound, which is in the walls of the house, shows greenish or reddish cavities, appearing sunken into the wall, 38 The priest shall go out of the house to the door of the house and he shall shut the house for seven days. 39 The priest will return on the seventh day. If he sees that the plague has spread to the walls of the house, 40 He will order that the stones affected by the plague be removed and thrown outside the city, into an unclean place. 41 He shall have the whole house scraped clean inside, and the dust that has been scraped off shall be poured outside the city into an unclean place. 42 We will take other stones to put in place of the first ones and we will take other mortar to replaster the house. 43 If the plague breaks out again in the house, after the stones have been removed, the house scraped, and the plaster replastered, 44 The priest will return and examine it. If the plague has spread in the house, it is a malignant leprosy in the house: it is unclean. 45 The house, the stones, the wood, and all the mortar of the house shall be demolished and carried out of the city to an unclean place. 46 Anyone who enters the house during the entire period it has been declared closed will be unclean until evening. 47 Anyone who has slept in the house must wash their clothes. Anyone who has eaten in the house must also wash their clothes. 48 But if the priest, having returned to the house, sees that the plague has not spread after the house has been replastered, he shall pronounce the house clean, for the plague is healed. 49 To purify the house, he will take two birds, cedar wood, crimson dye, and hyssop., 50 then he shall sacrifice one of the birds on an earthenware vessel, on running water. 51 And having taken the cedar wood, the hyssop, the crimson, and the live bird, he shall dip them in the blood of the slain bird and in the living water, and he shall sprinkle the house seven times. 52 He will purify the house with the blood of the bird, with the living water, with the live bird, with cedar wood, hyssop, and scarlet. 53 And he shall release the live bird outside the city, into the open fields. In this way he shall make atonement for the house, and it shall be clean. 54 This is the law for every leprous disease and for ringworm, 55 for leprosy affecting clothing and houses, 56 for tumors, eczema, and spots, 57 It reveals when something is unclean and when something is clean. This is the law concerning leprosy.»
Leviticus 15
1 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying: 2 «Speak to the children of Israel and tell them: Every man who has a discharge is unclean because of it. 3 And this is the defilement resulting from its discharge: whether its flesh lets its discharge flow or its flesh retains its discharge, there is defilement. 4 Any bed on which someone with a discharge lies will be unclean, and any object on which they sit will be unclean. 5 Whoever touches his bed must wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening. 6 Anyone who sits on the object on which the man with a discharge has sat must wash his clothes and bathe in water, and he will be unclean until evening. 7 Anyone who touches the flesh of someone who has a discharge must wash their clothes and bathe in water, and will be unclean until evening. 8 If someone who has a discharge spits on a clean person, that person must wash their clothes and bathe in water, and will be unclean until evening. 9 Any saddle on which one who has a discharge is mounted will be impure. 10 Anyone who touches anything that has been under him will be unclean until evening, and anyone who carries it must wash his clothes and bathe in water, and will be unclean until evening. 11 Anyone who has a discharge and has not washed their hands in water must wash their clothes and bathe in water, but will be unclean until evening. 12 Every earthenware vessel that has been touched by someone with a discharge will be broken, and every wooden vessel will be washed in water. 13 When the one who has a discharge is cleansed of his discharge, he shall count seven days for his purification, then he shall wash his clothes, bathe his body in fresh water and he shall be clean. 14 On the eighth day, having taken two turtledoves or two young pigeons, he shall come before the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting and give them to the priest. 15 The priest shall offer them, one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering, and the priest shall make atonement for it before the Lord because of its discharge. 16 A man who has a seminal emission must bathe his entire body in water and will be impure until evening. 17 Any clothing and any skin that is affected by the seminal effusion shall be washed in water and shall be impure until evening. 18 If a woman has sexual intercourse with a man, she and he must bathe in water, and they will be impure until evening. 19 When a woman has a discharge of blood from her body, she will be unclean for seven days. Anyone who touches her will be unclean until evening. 20 Any piece of furniture on which she lies during her impurity will be unclean, and any object on which she sits will be unclean. 21 Whoever touches his bed must wash their clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening. 22 Anyone who touches an object on which it has been seat, He will wash his clothes, bathe in water, and be unclean until evening. 23 If there is something on the bed or on the seat she sat on seat, Whoever touches it will be unclean until evening. 24 If a man lies with her and her impurity comes upon him, he will be unclean for seven days, and every bed on which he lies will be unclean. 25 When a woman has a discharge of blood for several days outside the usual time, or if her discharge continues beyond the time of her impurity, she will be impure for the entire duration of this discharge, as in the time of her menstrual impurity. 26 Any bed on which she lies during the entire period of this discharge will be for her like the bed of her menstrual impurity, and any object on which she sits will be impure as it was during her menstrual impurity. 27 Anyone who touches them will be unclean; he must wash his clothes and bathe in water, and will be unclean until evening. 28 When it is purified of its discharge, it will count seven days, after which it will be pure. 29 On the eighth day, she shall take two turtledoves or two young pigeons and bring them to the priest at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 30 The priest shall offer them, one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering, and the priest shall make atonement for her before the Lord, because of the discharge that made her unclean. 31 You shall teach the children of Israel to purify themselves from their impurities, lest they die because of their impurity, defiling my dwelling place which is in the midst of them. 32 This is the law concerning a man who has gonorrhea or who is defiled by a seminal discharge, 33 and concerning the woman who has her menstrual discharge and anyone who has a discharge, whether male or female, and for the man who has sexual relations with an impure woman.»
Leviticus 16
1 The Lord spoke to Moses after the death of Aaron's two sons, who were struck down when they approached the face of the Lord. 2 The Lord said to Moses, «Tell your brother Aaron not to come at any time into the sanctuary, inside the veil, before the mercy seat that is on the ark, lest he die, for I appear in the cloud above the mercy seat. 3 This is the ritual by which Aaron shall enter the sanctuary. He shall take a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 4 He shall put on the holy linen tunic and put on linen undergarments, he shall gird himself with a linen belt and cover his head with a linen tiara: these are the sacred garments which he shall put on, after he has bathed his body in water. 5 He will receive from the assembly of the children of Israel two goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering. 6 Aaron shall offer his bull for the sin and make atonement for himself and for his house. 7 Then he will take the two goats and place them before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of meeting. 8 Aaron will cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the Lord and one lot for Azazel. 9 Aaron will bring the goat on which the lot fell to the Lord and offer it as a sin offering. 10 And the goat on which the lot for Azazel falls, he shall present alive before the Lord, in order to make atonement on it and to send it away into the wilderness for Azazel. 11 Aaron shall therefore offer the bull as a sin offering for himself, and make atonement for himself and for his household. After he has slaughtered his bull as a sin offering, 12 He shall take a censer full of burning coals from the altar, from before the Lord, and two handfuls of sweet-smelling incense powder, and having carried these things inside the veil, 13 He shall put the incense on the fire before the Lord, so that the cloud of incense may cover the mercy seat that is over the testimony, and that it may not die. 14 He shall take some of the bull's blood and sprinkle it with his finger on the eastern face of the mercy seat, and he shall sprinkle the blood seven times in front of the mercy seat. 15 He shall slaughter the goat of the sin offering which is for the people and he shall bring its blood beyond the veil and, doing with this blood as he did with the blood of the bull, he shall sprinkle it once on the mercy seat and seven times before the mercy seat. 16 This is how he will make atonement for the sanctuary because of the defilements of the children of Israel and for all their transgressions, according to their sin. He will do the same for the tent of meeting, which remains with them in the midst of their defilements. 17 No one should be in the tent of meeting when he enters to make atonement in the sanctuary, until he comes out. He will make atonement for himself, for his household, and for all the congregation of Israel. 18 He shall go out to the altar that is before the Lord and make atonement for the altar: having taken some of the blood of the bull and the blood of the goat, he shall put it on the horns of the altar all around. 19 He shall sprinkle the blood on the altar seven times with his finger, and purify it and consecrate it from the defilements of the children of Israel. 20 When he has finished making atonement for the sanctuary, for the tent of meeting, and for the altar, he shall present the live goat. 21 Having laid both his hands on the head of the live goat, Aaron shall confess over it all the iniquities of the children of Israel and all their transgressions, according to their sin, and shall put them on the head of the goat and then send it into the wilderness by a man prepared. 22 The goat will carry all their iniquities to an uninhabited land, and the man will release the goat into the desert. 23 Then Aaron will enter the tent of meeting, and will take off the linen garments he had put on to enter the sanctuary, and having laid them there, 24 He will bathe his body in water in a holy place and put on his clothes again. 25 Then he shall go out and offer his burnt offering and that of the people, and make atonement for himself and for the people, and burn the fat of the sin offering on the altar. 26 The one who has given up the goat for Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, after which he shall return to the camp. 27 They shall carry out outside the camp the bull for sin and the goat for sin, whose blood has been brought into the sanctuary to make atonement, and they shall burn with fire their skin, their flesh and their excrement. 28 The one who burned them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, after which he shall return to the camp. 29 This shall be a perpetual statute for you: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict your souls and do no work, neither the native-born nor the stranger who sojourns among you. 30 For on that day atonement will be made for you, to cleanse you, so that you may be clean from all your sins before the Lord. 31 It shall be a Sabbath to you, a day of rest, and you shall afflict your souls. It is a perpetual statute. 32 Atonement will be made in the future by the high priest who has been anointed and installed to fulfill the priestly functions in place of his father. He will wear linen garments, holy garments. 33 He will make atonement for the holy sanctuary, he will make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar of burnt offering, he will make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly. 34 This shall be a perpetual statute for you: atonement shall be made once a year for the children of Israel, because of their sins.» They did as the Lord had commanded Moses.
Leviticus 17
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the children of Israel and say to them: This is what the Lord has commanded. 3 Every man of the house of Israel who slaughters an ox, a sheep, or a goat, whether inside or outside the camp, 4 without bringing him to the entrance of the tent of meeting to present him as an offering to the Lord before the dwelling place of the Lord, the blood will be imputed to that man; he has shed blood, that man will be cut off from among his people. 5 This is so that the children of Israel, instead of sacrificing their victims in the open country, may bring them to the priest before the Lord, at the entrance of the tent of meeting, and offer them to the Lord as a peace offering. 6 The priest shall sprinkle the blood on the altar of the Lord, at the entrance to the tent of meeting, and he shall burn the fat as a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 7 They will no longer offer their sacrifices to the false gods represented in the form of goats, with whom they prostitute themselves. This will be a perpetual law for them, from generation to generation. 8 You shall also tell them: Any man of the house of Israel or of the foreigners residing among them who offers a burnt offering or any other sacrifice 9 and does not bring the victim to the entrance of the tent of meeting to offer it as a sacrifice to the Lord, that man shall be cut off from among his people. 10 Any man of the house of Israel or of the foreigners residing among them who eats the blood of any animal, I will set my face against that man who eats blood, and I will cut him off from among his people, 11 for the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you for the altar to make atonement for your souls; for it is the blood that makes atonement for the soul. 12 That is why I said to the children of Israel: None of you shall eat blood, and the stranger who sojourns among you shall not eat blood. 13 Any man, whether from among the children of Israel or from among the foreigners residing among them, who hunts down an animal or a bird that may be eaten, shall shed its blood and cover it with earth., 14 For the life of every creature is its blood; it is its very life. Therefore I said to the children of Israel, “You shall not eat the blood of any creature, for the life of every creature is its blood; whoever eats it shall be cut off.”. 15 Anyone, whether born in the country or a foreigner, who eats anything that dies of itself or is torn by wild beasts, must wash their clothes and bathe in water and be unclean until evening, then they will be clean. 16 If she does not wash her clothes and her body, she will bear her iniquity.»
Leviticus 18
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: I am the Lord your God. 3 You shall not do as they do in the land of Egypt where you lived, and you shall not do as they do in the land of Canaan where I am bringing you: you shall not follow their laws. 4 You shall practice my ordinances and observe my laws: you shall follow them. I am the Lord your God. 5 You shall observe my Laws and my ordinances; the man who puts them into practice shall live by them. I am the Lord. 6 None of you shall approach a woman who is his close relative to uncover her nakedness: I am the Lord. 7 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father or the nakedness of your mother. It is your mother; you shall not uncover her nakedness. 8 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife: it is your father’s nakedness. 9 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, whether born in the house or born outside the house; you shall not uncover their nakedness. 10 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your son's daughter or your daughter's daughter: for it is your own nakedness. 11 You shall not uncover the nakedness of the daughter of your father’s wife, born of your father: she is your sister. 12 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s sister: she is your father’s flesh. 13 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your mother's sister: it is your mother's flesh. 14 You will not uncover the nakedness of your father's brother by approaching his wife: she is your aunt. 15 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law: she is your son's wife, you shall not uncover her nakedness. 16 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your brother’s wife; it is your brother’s nakedness. 17 You shall not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter: you shall not take the daughter of her son or the daughter of her daughter, to uncover their nakedness: they are close relatives, it is a crime. 18 You shall not take your wife's sister to make her a rival, by uncovering her nakedness with that of your wife, while she is still alive. 19 You shall not approach a woman during her menstrual impurity to uncover her nakedness. 20 You shall not have sexual relations with your neighbor's wife, defiling yourself with her. 21 You shall not give any of your children to be sacrificed in the fire to Moloch, and you shall not profane the name of your God. I am the Lord. 22 You shall not lie with a male as with a woman: it is an abomination. 23 You shall not lie with an animal to defile yourself with it. A woman shall not stand before an animal to prostitute herself to it; it is a disgrace. 24 Do not defile yourselves with any of these things, for it is with these things that the nations I am about to drive out before you have defiled themselves. 25 The land has been defiled; I will punish its iniquities, and the land will vomit out its inhabitants. 26 But you, you shall observe my statutes and my ordinances and you shall not commit any of these abominations, neither he who was born in the land, nor the stranger who sojourns among you. 27 For all these abominations were committed by the men of the land who were there before you, and the land was defiled. 28 And the land will not vomit you out for defiling it, as it vomited out the nations that were in it before you. 29 For all who commit any of these abominations shall be cut off from among their people. 30 You shall observe my commandments, so that you do not practice any of the abominable customs that were practiced before you, and you shall not defile yourselves by them. I am the Lord your God.»
Leviticus 19
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Speak to all the assembly of Israel and say to them: Be holy, for I, the Lord your God, am holy.”. 3 Each of you must fear your mother and father and observe my Sabbaths. I am the Lord your God. 4 Do not turn to idols or make for yourselves molten gods. I am the Lord your God. 5 When you offer the Lord a peace offering, you must offer it in such a way as to gain his favor. 6 The victim will be eaten on the day you sacrifice it, or the next day; what remains until the third day will be consumed by fire. 7 If anyone eats it on the third day, it is an abomination: the sacrifice will not be accepted. 8 Whoever eats of it will bear his iniquity, for he profanes what is consecrated to the Lord: that man shall be cut off from his people. 9 When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap to the very edge of your field, nor shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest. 10 You shall not pluck the grapes left in your vineyard, nor gather the fallen fruit in your orchard; you shall leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the Lord your God. 11 You shall not steal, nor shall you use deceit or lies against one another. 12 You shall not swear falsely by my name, for you would profane the name of your God. I am the Lord. 13 You shall not oppress your neighbor nor rob him. The wages of a worker shall not remain with you until the next day. 14 You shall not curse a deaf person, nor put a stumbling block before a blind person, for you shall fear your God. I am the Lord. 15 You shall not commit injustice in judgment: you shall not show favor to the poor and you shall not be gracious to the powerful, but you shall judge your neighbor with justice. 16 You shall not go about spreading slander among your people. You shall not stand as a witness against the blood of your neighbor. I am the Lord. 17 You shall not hate your brother in your heart, but you shall rebuke your neighbor, so that you do not incur sin because of him. 18 You shall not take revenge or bear a grudge against the children of your people. You shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am the Lord. 19 You shall observe my laws. You shall not breed livestock of two different kinds, you shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed, and you shall not wear a garment made of two kinds of material. 20 If a man sleeps with and has relations with a woman who is a slave betrothed to another man and who has not been redeemed or freed, they shall both be punished, but not punished with death, because the slave was not freed. 21 For his sin, the man shall bring to the Lord, at the entrance of the tent of meeting, a ram as a guilt offering. 22 The priest will make atonement for him before the Lord with the ram of the guilt offering, for the sin he has committed, and the sin he has committed will be forgiven him. 23 When you have entered the land and planted all kinds of fruit trees, you shall regard their fruit as uncircumcised: for three years they shall be uncircumcised for you: they shall not be eaten. 24 In the fourth year, all their fruits will be dedicated in praise of the Lord. 25 In the fifth year, you will eat its fruit, and the tree will continue to produce fruit for you. I am the Lord your God. 26 You shall not eat anything with blood. You shall not practice divination or magic. 27 You shall not trim the corners of your hair in a circle, nor shall you shave the corners of your beard. 28 You shall not make any cuts in your flesh for the dead, nor tattoo yourselves. I am the Lord. 29 Do not defile your daughter by prostituting her, lest the land fall into prostitution and be filled with crime. 30 You shall observe my Sabbaths and reverence my sanctuary. I am the Lord. 31 Do not consult mediums or spiritists, or seek their advice, lest you be defiled by them. I am the Lord your God. 32 You shall rise before a gray-headed man and honor the person of the elderly. You shall fear your God. I am the Lord. 33 If a foreigner comes to stay with you in your country, you will not oppress him. 34 You shall treat the foreigner residing among you as a native-born Israelite, and you shall love him as yourself, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God. 35 You shall not commit injustice, whether in judgments, or in measures of length, or in weights, or in measures of capacity. 36 You will have just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin. I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt. 37 You shall observe all my statutes and all my ordinances and put them into practice. I am the Lord.»
Leviticus 20
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «You shall say to the children of Israel: Whoever, whether of the children of Israel or of the strangers who sojourn in Israel, gives to Moloch one of his children, shall be punished with death: the people of the land shall stone him. 3 And I will set my face against that man and cut him off from among his people, because he has given one of his children to Moloch, to defile my sanctuary and profane my holy name. 4 If the people of the land turn a blind eye to this man when he gives some of his children to Moloch and do not put him to death, 5 I will set my face against that man and against his family, and I will cut him off from among his people, along with all those who prostitute themselves like him by prostituting themselves to Moloch. 6 If anyone turns to mediums and spiritists to prostitute themselves to them, I will set my face against that person and cut them off from among their people. 7 You shall sanctify yourselves and be holy, for I am the Lord your God. 8 You will observe my laws and put them into practice. I am the Lord, who sanctifies you. 9 Anyone who curses his father or his mother shall be punished with death; he has cursed his father or his mother: his blood is upon him. 10 If a man commits adultery with a married woman and if he commits adultery with his neighbor's wife, both of them shall be punished with death, the adulterous man and woman. 11 If a man sleeps with his father’s wife and thereby uncovers his father’s nakedness, they shall both be punished with death: their blood is upon them. 12 If a man sleeps with his stepdaughter, they shall both be punished with death; they have done a shameful thing: their blood is upon them. 13 If a man lies with a male as with a woman, they have both committed an abominable act; they shall surely be put to death: their blood is upon them. 14 If a man takes a girl and her mother as wives, it is a crime; they shall be given over to the fire, both he and they, so that this crime may not exist among you. 15 The man who has relations with an animal shall be punished with death, and you shall kill the animal. 16 If a woman approaches an animal to have sexual relations with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal; they shall be put to death: their blood is upon them. 17 If a man takes his sister, the daughter of his father or the daughter of his mother, and sees her nakedness and she sees his, it is a shameful act; they shall be cut off in the sight of their people. He has uncovered his sister's nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity. 18 If a man lies with a woman who is menstruating and uncovers her nakedness, he has uncovered her discharge and she has uncovered the discharge of her blood, they shall both be cut off from among their people. 19 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your mother’s sister, nor of your father’s sister, for that is uncovering one’s own flesh: they shall bear their iniquity. 20 If a man sleeps with his aunt, he discovers the nakedness of his uncle, they will bear their sin: they will die without children. 21 If a man takes his brother's wife, it is an impurity; he has uncovered his brother's nakedness: they shall be childless. 22 You shall observe all my laws and all my ordinances and you shall put them into practice, so that the land where I am bringing you to live will not vomit you out. 23 You shall not follow the customs of the nations that I am about to drive out from before you, for they did all these things, and I abhor them. 24 I told you: You will possess their land; I will give it to you to possess, a land flowing with milk and honey. I am the Lord your God, who set you apart from the other peoples. 25 You shall distinguish between clean and unclean animals, and between clean and unclean birds, and you shall not make yourselves abominable by any animal, bird, or anything that moves on the earth, which I have taught you to distinguish as unclean. 26 You shall be holy to me, for I am holy, I the Lord, and I have separated you from the other peoples, that you should be mine. 27 Any man or woman who consults spirits or practices divination shall be put to death; they shall be stoned: their blood is upon them.»
Leviticus 21
1 The Lord said to Moses, “Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and tell them: No one shall defile himself among his people for the dead.”, 2 except for his relative of the same rank, for his mother, for his father, for his son, for his daughter, for his brother, 3 and for his virgin sister, who lives with him, not yet married, he will defile himself. 4 As head of a household among his people, he will not defile himself or profane his dignity. 5 The priests shall not shave their heads, they shall not remove the sides of their beards, and they shall not make any incisions in their flesh. 6 They shall be holy to their God and they shall not profane the name of their God, for they offer to the Lord sacrifices consumed by fire, the bread of their God: they shall be holy. 7 They shall not take a prostitute or a dishonored woman, nor shall they take a woman divorced from her husband, for the priest is holy to his God. 8 You shall regard him as holy, for he offers the bread of your God; he shall be holy to you, for I am holy, I the Lord, who sanctifies you. 9 If a priest's daughter dishonors herself by prostituting herself, she dishonors her father: she will be burned in the fire. 10 The high priest, who is above his brothers, on whose head the anointing oil has been poured and who has been appointed to wear the holy garments, shall not uncover his head nor tear his garments. 11 He shall not approach any dead body, nor defile himself for his father or mother. 12 He will not leave the sanctuary or profane the sanctuary of his God, for the anointing oil of his God is a crown upon him. I am the Lord. 13 He will marry a virgin. 14 He will not take a widow, nor a divorced woman, nor a dishonored woman or a prostitute, but he will take as his wife a virgin from among his own people. 15 He will not dishonor his descendants among his people, for I am the Lord who sanctifies him.» 16 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 17 «Speak to Aaron and tell him: No man of your offspring throughout all generations who has a physical deformity will approach to offer the bread of your God. 18 For no one with a physical deformity shall approach: no one who is blind or lame, or who has a mutilation or a growth, 19 or a man who will have a fracture in his foot or hand, 20 who will be hunchbacked or a dwarf, or who will have a spot in the eye, scabies, ringworm, or crushed testicles. 21 No man of the race of Aaron the priest who has a physical deformity shall approach to offer to the Lord the sacrifices made by fire; he has a physical deformity: he shall not approach to offer the bread of his God. 22 He will be able to eat the bread of his God, the most holy things and the holy things. 23 But he shall not go behind the veil or approach the altar, for he has a physical deformity; he shall not profane my sanctuaries, for I am the Lord who sanctifies them.» 24 Thus spoke Moses to Aaron and his sons and to all the children of Israel.
Leviticus 22
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Speak to Aaron and his sons, so that they abstain from the holy things that the children of Israel dedicate to me, and that they do not profane my holy name. I am the Lord.”. 3 Tell them: Any man of your descendants throughout your generations who, having any impurity on him, approaches the holy things that the children of Israel consecrate to the Lord, shall be cut off from my presence. I am the Lord. 4 Any man of Aaron's descendants who has leprosy or a discharge from the ceremonial organs shall not eat of the holy things until he is clean. The same shall apply to anyone who has touched a person defiled by contact with a corpse, or to anyone who has had an emission of semen., 5 of the one who has touched either a creeping animal which has made him unclean, or an unclean man who has communicated his defilement to him in whatever way it may be. 6 Anyone who touches these things will be unclean until evening and must not eat any of the holy things, but must bathe their body in water. 7 and, after sunset, he will be clean, he will then be able to eat holy things, for that is his food. 8 He shall not eat anything that dies of itself or is torn by wild beasts, so as to be defiled by it; I am the Lord. 9 They shall keep my commandments, lest they incur sin in this matter and die for profaning the holy things. I am the Lord, who sanctifies them. 10 No foreigner shall eat of holy things, nor shall anyone who dwells in the house of a priest or an employee eat of holy things. 11 But a slave bought by the priest with money may eat of it, and so may one born in his house: they may eat of his food. 12 The daughter of a priest, married to a foreigner, shall not eat of what has been taken from the holy things. 13 But if a priest's daughter, having become a widow or divorced, without having children, returns to her father's house, as she was in her youth, she may eat of her father's food, but no stranger may eat of it. 14 If a man accidentally eats something holy, he shall restore to the priest the value of the holy thing, plus one-fifth. 15 The priests shall not profane the holy things of the children of Israel, which they have set aside for the Lord 16 and will not hold them responsible for the sin they commit by eating their holy things, for I am the Lord who sanctifies them.» 17 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 18 «Speak to Aaron and his sons, and to all the Israelites, and say to them: Whoever of the house of Israel or of the foreigners in Israel presents their offering, whether in fulfillment of a vow or as a freewill offering, if they offer it to the Lord as a burnt offering, 19 so that you may be accepted, that the victim be a male without blemish, from among the oxen, sheep or goats. 20 You will not offer any that has a defect, because it would not be accepted. 21 When a man offers to the Lord large or small livestock as a peaceful sacrifice, either to fulfill a vow or as a voluntary offering, the victim, to be accepted, must be perfect; there must be no defect in it. 22 A blind, crippled or mutilated animal, having an ulcer, mange or ringworm, you shall not offer it to the Lord, you shall not make it a sacrifice by fire to the Lord on the altar. 23 You may sacrifice as a voluntary offering an ox or a sheep with a limb that is too long or too short, but, for the fulfillment of a vow, this victim would not be accepted. 24 You shall not offer to the Lord an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn out or cut off; you shall not do this in your country. 25 Even from the hand of a foreigner, you shall not accept any of these sacrifices to offer as food to your God, for they are corrupt, they have a defect: they would not be acceptable to you.» 26 The Lord said to Moses: 27 «An ox, a lamb or a goat, when it is born, shall remain seven days with its mother, and from the eighth day onward it shall be accepted to be offered as a burnt offering to the Lord. 28 Whether it's beef or lamb, you will not slaughter the animal and its young on the same day. 29 When you offer the Lord a sacrifice of thanksgiving, you shall offer it in such a way that it will be accepted, 30 Therefore, the sacrifice shall be eaten that same day; you shall leave nothing of it until morning. I am the Lord. 31 You will observe my commandments and put them into practice: I am the Lord. 32 You shall not profane my holy name, and I shall be sanctified in the midst of the children of Israel. I am the Lord, who sanctifies you, 33 "The one who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am the Lord."»
Leviticus 23
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: These are the appointed feasts of the Lord which you shall proclaim to be holy assemblies; these are my appointed feasts. 3 Six days you shall work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest: a holy convocation. You shall do no work. It is a holy rest to the Lord in all your dwelling places. 4 These are the feasts of the Lord, the holy assemblies which you shall proclaim at their appointed times. 5 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, between the two evenings, is the Lord's Passover. 6 And on the fifteenth day of this month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread in honor of the Lord: for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. 7 On the first day you will have a holy assembly: you will do no servile work. 8 For seven days you shall offer sacrifices made by fire to the Lord. On the seventh day there shall be a holy assembly; you shall do no servile work.» 9 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 10 «Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: When you enter the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you shall bring to the priest a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest. 11 He will wave this sheaf before the Lord, so that he may be favorable to you; the priest will wave it the day after the Sabbath. 12 On the day you wave the sheaf, you shall offer as a burnt offering to the Lord a lamb a year old, without blemish, 13 The accompanying offering will be two-tenths of fine flour kneaded with oil, as an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the Lord, the libation will be of wine, a quarter of a hin. 14 You shall eat neither bread, nor roasted grain, nor fresh grain, until that very day, until you bring the offering to your God. This is a perpetual statute for your descendants, in all the places where you dwell. 15 From the day after the Sabbath, from the day you brought the sheaf to be swung, you shall count seven full weeks. 16 You shall count fifty days until the day after the seventh Sabbath and you shall offer to the Lord a new offering. 17 You shall bring from your dwellings two loaves as a wave offering, they shall be made of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour and baked with leaven: these are the firstfruits of the Lord. 18 With these loaves, you shall offer as a burnt offering to the Lord seven lambs a year old, without blemish, one young bull and two rams, with the usual grain offering and drink offering: it shall be a sacrifice made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 19 You shall also sacrifice a male goat as a sin offering and two male lambs a year old as a peace offering. 20 The priest will wave the victims with the loaves of firstfruits as an offering waved before the Lord, with the two lambs, they will be consecrated to the Lord and will belong to the priest. 21 On that very day you shall proclaim a holy convocation and hold a holy assembly; you shall do no servile work. This is a perpetual statute for your descendants, in all your places where you dwell. 22 »When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap to the very edge of your field, nor shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest, but you shall leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the Lord your God.” 23 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 24 «Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall have a solemn rest, a reminder with the sound of the trumpet, a holy assembly. 25 You shall do no servile work, and you shall offer sacrifices made by fire to the Lord.» 26 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 27 «The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement: you shall have a holy assembly, you shall afflict your souls, and you shall offer to the Lord sacrifices made by fire. 28 You shall not do any work that day, for it is a day of atonement, on which atonement must be made for you before the Lord your God. 29 Anyone who does not mourn on that day will be cut off from their people 30 and anyone who does any work on that day, I will destroy him from among his people. 31 You shall do no work. This is a perpetual law for your descendants, in all the places where you dwell. 32 It shall be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall afflict your souls on the ninth day of the month, at evening, from evening until the following evening; you shall observe your Sabbath.» 33 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 34 «Speak to the children of Israel and tell them: On the fifteenth day of this seventh month, the Feast of Tabernacles is celebrated for seven days in honor of the Lord. 35 On the first day there will be a holy assembly; you shall do no servile work. 36 For seven days you shall offer sacrifices made by fire to the Lord. On the eighth day you shall have a holy assembly and offer sacrifices made by fire to the Lord; it is a closing festival: you shall do no servile work. 37 These are the feasts of the Lord which you shall proclaim, to hold holy assemblies on them, to offer to the Lord sacrifices made by fire, burnt offerings, grain offerings, victims, and drink offerings, each on its day: 38 regardless of the Lord's Sabbaths, regardless of your gifts, regardless of all your vows, and regardless of all your voluntary offerings that you present to the Lord. 39 On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the produce of the land, you shall celebrate the feast of the Lord for seven days, the first day shall be a solemn rest and the eighth day a solemn rest. 40 On the first day you shall take fruit from beautiful trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the Lord your God for seven days. 41 You shall celebrate this feast in honor of the Lord seven days each year. It is a perpetual statute for your descendants; you shall celebrate it in the seventh month. 42 You shall dwell for seven days in huts of leaves: all the natives in Israel shall dwell in huts, 43 so that your descendants may know that I made the Israelites live in huts when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.» 44 Moses thus made known to the children of Israel the feasts of the Lord.»
Leviticus 24
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «"Command the children of Israel to bring you pure oil of crushed olives for the lampstand, to keep the lamps burning continually. 3 Apart from the veil that is before the testimony, in the tent of meeting, Aaron shall prepare it to burn continually from evening to morning before the Lord. This is a perpetual statute for your descendants. 4 He will arrange the lamps on the pure gold lampstand, so that they burn continually before the Lord. 5 «"You will take fine flour and bake twelve cakes, each cake will be two-tenths of an ephah. 6 You shall place them in two piles, six in each pile, on the pure gold table before the Lord. 7 You shall put pure incense on each pile and it shall serve as a memorial offering by fire to the Lord for the bread. 8 Every Sabbath day, these loaves of bread shall be set before the Lord continually, on behalf of the children of Israel: it is a perpetual covenant. 9 They shall belong to Aaron and his sons, who shall eat them in a holy place, for they are most holy to them among the offerings made by fire to the Lord. This is a perpetual statute.» 10 The son of an Israelite woman, but who was the son of an Egyptian, came among the children of Israel, and there was a quarrel in the camp between the son of the Israelite woman and an Israelite man. 11 The son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the holy and cursed Name, and his mother's name was Salumith, daughter of Dabri, of the tribe of Dan. 12 They put him under guard so that Moses could tell them from the Lord what they should do. 13 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 14 «"Bring the blasphemer out of the camp, let all those who heard him lay their hands on his head, and let the whole assembly stone him.". 15 You shall speak to the children of Israel, saying: Every man who curses his God shall bear his sin 16 And whoever blasphemes the name of the Lord shall be put to death: the whole assembly shall stone him. Whether foreigner or native, if he blasphemes the sacred Name, he shall die. 17 Anyone who strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death. 18 He who kills one head of cattle will give another: life for life. 19 If someone injures their neighbor, they will be treated as they did: 20 Fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, he will be given the same injury he gave his neighbor. 21 Whoever kills an animal shall give another, but whoever kills a man shall be put to death. 22 The same law shall rule among you, both for the foreigner and for the one born in the land, for I am the Lord your God.» 23 When Moses had spoken to the Israelites, they brought the blasphemer out of the camp and stoned him. The Israelites did as the Lord had commanded Moses.
Leviticus 25
1 The Lord spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai, saying: 2 «Speak to the children of Israel and tell them: When you enter the land that I am giving you, the land shall have rest: it shall be a Sabbath to the Lord. 3 For six years you shall sow your field, for six years you shall prune your vine and gather its produce. 4 But the seventh year shall be a Sabbath, a solemn rest for the land, a Sabbath to the Lord: you shall not sow your field or prune your vineyard. 5 You shall not reap what grows of itself, of the fallen grains of your last harvest, nor shall you gather the grapes of your unpruned vine: it shall be a year of rest for the land. 6 What the earth produces during its Sabbath will be food for you, your male and female servants, your hired servants, and the foreigners residing among you., 7 to your livestock and to the animals that are in your land, all their produce shall serve as food. 8 You shall count seven Sabbaths of years, seven times seven years, the duration of these seven Sabbaths of years shall make a period of forty-nine years for you. 9 On the tenth day of the seventh month, you shall sound the loud trumpet blast; on the Day of Atonement, you shall pass the trumpet throughout all your land. 10 And you shall sanctify the fiftieth year and proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you, and each of you shall return to your property and each of you shall return to your family. 11 The fiftieth year shall be a jubilee for you; you shall not sow, you shall not reap what the earth produces of itself, and you shall not harvest the unpruned vine. 12 For it is a jubilee, it shall be sacred to you. You shall eat the produce of your fields. 13 In this jubilee year, each of you will return to your property. 14 If you sell to your neighbor, or if you buy from your neighbor, let none of you harm his brother. 15 You shall buy from your neighbor according to the number of years since the last jubilee, and he shall sell to you according to the number of harvest years. 16 The longer the crop remains, the higher the price you will charge, and the shorter the crop remains, the lower the price you will charge, because it is the number of harvests he is selling you. 17 Let none of you harm his brother; fear your God, for I am the Lord your God. 18 You will put my laws into practice, you will observe my ordinances and put them into practice, and you will live safely in the country. 19 The land will yield its fruits, you will eat your fill, and you will live there in safety. 20 If you say, "What shall we eat in the seventh year, since we will neither sow nor harvest our produce?" 21 I will send you my blessing in the sixth year, and it will bear fruit for three years. 22 You shall sow in the eighth year and eat of the old harvest, until the ninth year, until its harvest comes, you shall eat the old. 23 The land will not be sold in perpetuity, for the land is mine and you are in my house as strangers and sojourners. 24 Throughout the land you will possess, you will grant a right of redemption for the lands. 25 If your brother becomes poor and sells a portion of his property, his representative, his nearest relative, shall come and redeem what his brother has sold. 26 If a man has no one to represent him and he himself procures the means to make the redemption, 27 He will count the years that have passed since the sale, return the surplus to the buyer and return to his property. 28 If he cannot find the means to make restitution, the sold property will remain in the buyer's possession until the Jubilee year. At the Jubilee, it will be released and the seller will regain possession of his property. 29 If a man sells a dwelling house in a walled city, he shall have the right of redemption until the end of the year of the sale; his right of redemption shall last for a full year. 30 If the house which is situated in a walled city is not redeemed before the expiration of a full year, it shall belong in perpetuity to the purchaser and his descendants, it shall not leave their possession at the jubilee. 31 But the houses in villages not surrounded by walls will be considered as belonging to the land, they can be bought back and they will be freed at the jubilee. 32 As for the cities of the Levites and the houses of the cities which they shall possess, the Levites shall have a perpetual right of redemption. 33 If someone buys a house from the Levites, the house sold in the city that was given to them shall be released at the jubilee, for the houses in the cities of the Levites are their property in the midst of the children of Israel. 34 The fields on the outskirts of the Levite cities will not be sold, for they are their perpetual possession. 35 If your brother becomes poor and his hand weakens beside you, you shall support him, even if he is a stranger or a sojourner, so that he may live beside you. 36 Do not derive interest or profit from him, but fear your God and let your brother live with you. 37 You shall not lend him your money at interest, nor shall you give him your food to profit from it. 38 I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt to give you the land of Canaan, to be your God. 39 If your brother becomes poor among you and sells himself to you, you shall not demand anything from him. the work of a slave. 40 He will be with you as an employee, as a guest, he will serve you until the year of jubilee. 41 Then he will leave your house, he and his children with him, and he will return to his family and go back to his fathers' property. 42 For they are my servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt: they shall not be sold as slaves are sold. 43 You shall not rule over him with harshness, but you shall fear your God. 44 Your male and female slaves who belong to you, you shall take from the nations around you; from them you shall buy male and female servants. 45 You may also buy them from among the children of foreigners who are staying in your country and from among their families who live with you, whom they will have fathered in your country and they will be your property. 46 You shall leave them as an inheritance to your children after you, to possess as property; they shall be your slaves forever. But with regard to your brothers, the children of Israel, none of you shall rule harshly over his brother. 47 If a foreigner or a guest has become rich among you, and your brother, having become poor among him, has sold himself to a foreigner, to a guest who is near you, or to the descendant of a foreign family, 48 After he has sold himself, he will have the right of redemption; one of his brothers may redeem him., 49 or his uncle, or his uncle's son, or one of his close relatives, or if he acquires wealth, he shall redeem himself. 50 He will count, with the one who bought him, from the year he sold himself to him until the year of the jubilee, and the sale price will be calculated according to the number of years, evaluating the days of his work as those of an employee. 51 If there are still many years remaining, he will pay for its repurchase based on the number of years, taking into account the price at which it was purchased., 52 If there are few years left until the Jubilee year, he will count them and pay his redemption based on those years. 53 He will be treated like a top-performing employee at home, and his master will not treat him harshly in your presence. 54 If he is not redeemed in any of these ways, he and his children will go free in the Jubilee year. 55 For the Israelites are my servants; they are my servants whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.»
Leviticus 26
1 «You shall not make for yourselves idols, nor erect for yourselves any carved image or sacred pillar, nor set up any carved stone in your land to bow down to it, for I am the Lord your God. 2 You shall observe my Sabbaths and reverence my sanctuary. I am the Lord.» 3 «If you follow my laws, if you keep my commandments and put them into practice, 4 I will send your rains in their season, the earth will yield its produce and the trees of the field will bear their fruit. 5 The threshing of the wheat will continue in your land until the grape harvest, and the grape harvest will continue until the sowing; you will eat your bread to your heart's content and you will live securely in your land. 6 I will put peace In the land, you will sleep without anyone frightening you. I will remove the wild beasts from the land, and the sword will not pass through your land. 7 You will pursue your enemies and they will fall before you by the sword. 8 Five of you will chase a hundred, and a hundred of you will chase ten thousand, and your enemies will fall before you by the sword. 9 I will turn to you, I will make you fruitful and multiply you, and I will establish my covenant with you. 10 You will eat crops of old, very old, and you will reject the old to make way for the new. 11 I will establish my dwelling in your midst, and my soul will not abhor you. 12 I will walk among you, I will be your God and you will be my people. 13 I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, so that you would no longer be slaves there; I broke the bars of your yoke and made you walk with your heads held high. 14 But if you do not listen to and put into practice all these commandments, 15 If you despise my laws and your soul abhors my ordinances, failing to observe all my commandments and violating my covenant, 16 Here is what I will do to you: I will send upon you terror, wasting disease, and fever, which will cause the eyes to fail and the soul to faint. You will sow your seed in vain, for your enemies will eat it. 17 I will turn my face against you and you will be defeated by your enemies; those who hate you will rule over you and you will flee without anyone pursuing you. 18 If, after that, you do not listen to me, I will punish you seven times more for your sins. 19 I will break the pride of your strength, I will make your heavens like iron and your earth like bronze. 20 Your strength will be wasted: your land will not yield its produce, and the trees of the earth will not bear their fruit. 21 If you continue to walk against me and refuse to listen to me, I will strike you seven times more according to your sins. 22 I will unleash wild animals against you, which will snatch your children away, tear apart your livestock, and reduce you to a small number, and your roads will become deserted. 23 If, despite these punishments, you do not allow yourself to be corrected by me and if you continue to oppose me, 24 I too will march against you and strike you seven times more for your sins. 25 I will bring against you the avenging sword of my covenant; you will gather in your cities, and I will send plague among you, and you will be delivered into the hands of the enemy., 26 when I take away your bread, your support, and ten women bake your bread in a single oven and return your bread by weight, and you eat without being satisfied. 27 If, after that, you still do not listen to me and continue to march against me, 28 I will march against you in fury and I will punish you seven times more for your sins. 29 You will eat the flesh of your sons and you will eat the flesh of your daughters. 30 I will destroy your high places, I will cut down your sacred steles to the sun, I will place your corpses on the corpses of your infamous idols, and my soul will reject you with horror. 31 I will reduce your cities to deserts, I will ravage your sanctuaries, and I will no longer breathe the pleasant scent of your perfumes. 32 I will devastate the land, and your enemies who inhabit it will be astonished. 33 And I will scatter you among the nations and draw my sword after you; your country will be devastated and your cities will be deserted. 34 Then the land will enjoy its sabbaths, all the time it remains desolate and you are in the land of your enemies. Then the land will rest and enjoy its sabbaths. 35 For as long as it is devastated, it will have the rest it did not have in your Sabbaths, when you inhabited it. 36 Those of you who survive, I will put terror into their hearts, in the lands of their enemies: the sound of a rustling leaf will put them to flight, they will flee as one flees from the sword and they will fall without being pursued. 37 They will stumble against each other as before the sword, and even though no one is pursuing them, you will not stand in the presence of your enemies. 38 You will perish among the nations, and the land of your enemies will devour you. 39 Those of you who survive will be consumed because of your iniquities in the land of your enemies; they will also be consumed because of the iniquities of your fathers, which are still with them. 40 They will confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their fathers, in the transgressions they committed against me, acknowledging that it was because they walked against me 41 that I too marched against them and brought them into the land of their enemies. If then their uncircumcised hearts humble themselves and they accept the punishment for their sins, I will remember my covenant with Jacob, 42 I will also remember my covenant with Isaac and also my covenant with Abraham, and I will remember the land. 43 And the land will be abandoned by them and it will enjoy its Sabbaths, while it is desolate far from them, and they will accept the punishment for their sins, because they have despised my ordinances and their soul has loathed my laws. 44 But even so, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject them and I will not loathe them to the point of exterminating them and breaking my covenant with them, for I am the Lord, their God. 45 I will remember in their favor the covenant I made with their ancestors, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt, in the sight of the nations, to be their God. I am the Lord.» 46 These are the statutes, ordinances, and laws that the Lord established between himself and the children of Israel on Mount Sinai, through the ministry of Moses.
Leviticus 27
1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2 «Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: If anyone makes a vow, the people will belong to the Lord according to your valuation. 3 If the object of your appraisal is a man between twenty and sixty years old, your appraisal shall be fifty shekels of silver, according to the sanctuary shekel., 4 If it's a woman, your estimate will be thirty shekels. 5 From five years old to twenty years old, your estimate will be twenty shekels for a boy and ten shekels for a girl. 6 From one month to five years, your valuation will be five shekels of silver for a boy and for a girl your valuation will be three shekels of silver. 7 For sixty years and above, your assessment shall be fifteen shekels for a man and ten shekels for a woman. 8 If the one who made the vow is too poor to pay the value of your appraisal, he will be presented to the priest, who will make his appraisal, the priest will make the appraisal according to the resources of the one who made the vow. 9 If one dedicates one of the animals offered to the Lord, everything given to the Lord in this way will be holy. 10 We will not change it, we will not put a bad one in place of a good one, nor a good one in place of a bad one; if we replace one animal with another, they will both be holy. 11 If it is some unclean animal that cannot be offered to the Lord, the animal must be presented to the priest 12 and the priest will make an assessment of it according to whether it is good or bad, and we will refer to the priest's assessment. 13 If we want to buy it back, we'll add one-fifth to your estimate. 14 If someone sanctifies their house by dedicating it to the Lord, the priest will assess it as good or bad, and the priest's assessment will stand. 15 If the one who has sanctified his house wants to buy it back, he will add one fifth to the price of your appraisal and it will be his. 16 If someone dedicates to the Lord a portion of the field which is his property, your valuation shall be according to the quantity of grain necessary to sow it, at the rate of fifty shekels of silver for a homer of barley seed. 17 If he dedicates his field to it in the jubilee year, we will accept your estimate., 18 but if he dedicates his field after the jubilee, the priest will assess its price according to the number of years remaining until the jubilee and a reduction will be made on your estimate. 19 If the one who dedicated his field wants to redeem it, he will add one fifth to the price of your appraisal and the field will remain his. 20 If he does not buy back the field, or if he sells it to another man, that field can no longer be bought back., 21 and when it is released at the jubilee, the field will be consecrated to the Lord, like a field that has been dedicated: it will become the property of the priest. 22 If someone dedicates to the Lord a field purchased by him and not part of his inheritance, 23 The priest will assess the price according to your estimate until the year of the jubilee, and this man will pay the fixed price on the same day, as something consecrated to the Lord. 24 In the jubilee year, the field will return to the person from whom it was purchased and to whose estate it was a part. 25 All your estimates will be made to the sanctuary shekel: the shekel is twenty gerahs. 26 No one, however, may consecrate the firstborn of his livestock, which, as the firstborn, already belongs to the Lord: whether ox or sheep, it belongs to the Lord. 27 If it is an unclean animal, it will be redeemed at the price of your valuation, plus one-fifth; if it is not redeemed, it will be sold according to your valuation. 28 Nothing that a man has devoted to the Lord, in all that belongs to him, whether it be a man, an animal or a field of his inheritance, may be sold or redeemed, all that is devoted to the Lord is most holy. 29 No person condemned by anathema can be redeemed: they will be put to death. 30 Every tithe of the land, whether taken from the seeds of the land or from the fruits of the trees, belongs to the Lord; it is holy to the Lord. 31 If someone wants to redeem something from their tithe, they must add a fifth to it. 32 As for the tithes of large and small livestock, of everything that passes under the shepherd's care, the tenth animal shall be consecrated to the Lord. 33 We will not choose between what is good or bad, and we will not make an exchange; and if we do make an exchange, both the animal being replaced and the one that replaces it will be sacred and cannot be redeemed.» 34These are the commandments that the Lord gave to Moses for the children of Israel, on Mount Sinai.
Notes on the Book of Leviticus
1.2God himself reveals to us the true reason for these ordinances when he says that, having distinguished the Israelites from all other nations to make them his holy people, he wants them to abstain from all the animals he has designated as unclean, so that they may be pure and holy, as he himself is holy (see Leviticus, 20, vv. 24, 26). He wanted them to always remember their dignity, and the way in which he had separated them from other nations, to make them his chosen people.
1.3 See Exodus 29:10.
1.10 He will offer ; That is, the man who makes the offering. See verse 2.
2.1 A man, literally A soul. The Hebrews used this word to refer to an individual, a person.
2.3 See Ecclesiasticus, 7, 34.
2.13 See Mark 9:48. — Salt, by its incorruptibility, represents loyalty which must exist within alliances.
3.3 See Exodus 29:13.
3.9 The tail of the sheep from the Orient and a very fatty part.
4.2 A man, literally A soul. See Leviticus, 2, 1.
4.12 Where ashes are traditionally scattered. In the East, it is customary to carry ashes out of inhabited places to a location where they sometimes accumulate in considerable heaps.
4.20 As he did before ; elliptical expression for: As it was previously said that he would do the other calf.
5.1 His iniquity ; That is to say, the punishment for his iniquity. This expression usually means to be punished with the ultimate torture.
5.3 Offense. The offense or fault differed from sin, although it was not known exactly what the difference consisted of.
5.7 See Leviticus 12:8; Luke 2:24.
5.11 If his hand, etc. for: If he does not have the power, the ability. ― The tenth part of the ephi contained about three pints. ― One tenth of an ephi, in our current system of measurement, is equivalent to 38.88 liters.
5.15 See Exodus, note 21.32.
6.5 See Numbers, 5, 7.
6.11 Down to the last bit ; literally Down to the hot ashes ; That is to say, the priest will completely consume by fire whatever wood, flesh, and bone may have remained among the ashes before they have been carried out of the camp. He will carry the ashes out of the field. See Leviticus, 4, 12.
6.17 As with sin, etc., that is to say, like what is offered for sin.
6.30 See Leviticus 4:5; Hebrews 13:11.
7.20 Of his people. See Exodus, 30, 38.
7.29 His libations ; the libations with which it must be accompanied.
8.12 See Ecclesiasticus, 45, 18.
8.28 Because it was an offering for the consecration, and a sacrifice of a very pleasing aroma to the Lord.
8.31 See Exodus 29:32; Leviticus 24:9.
8.36 Through Moses. See Exodus, 9, 35.
9.2 See Exodus 29:1.
9.22 He went down from the altar where he had gone up to bless the people.
9.23 See 2 Maccabees, 2, 10.
9.24 A fire came forth from the Lord ; that is to say, descended from heaven, according to the author of the Second Book of Maccabees (see 2 Maccabees, 2, 10); which also happened at the dedication of Solomon's temple (see 2 Chronicles, 7, 1); or, according to several exegetes, came out either from the sanctuary or from the cloud of light where the Lord was present.
10.1 See Numbers 3:4; 26:61; 1 Chronicles 24:2.
10.14 Blessing hosts, or, as it is generally understood, peaceful hosts, which were offered for salvation, peace and prosperity.
10.16 See 2 Maccabees, 2, 11.
11.2 See Deuteronomy 14:4.
11.5 The cherogrill is the porcupine, but the Hebrew seems to refer to the hyrax, an animal the size of a hare.
11.6 The hare… because it ruminates. The hare is not a ruminant animal in the scientific sense of the word, but here we must take the word ruminant in the broad sense of an animal that chews without eating and ruminates with its muzzle, not in its physiological sense of an animal with four stomachs.
11.7 See 2 Maccabees, 6, 18.
11.14 His species ; literally His gender. See Genesis, chapters 1 and 2.
11.44 See 1 Peter 1:16.
12.2 See Luke 2:22.
12.3 See Luke 2:21; John 7:22.
12.8 See Leviticus 5:7, 11; Luke 2:24.
13.3 Separated of the people, of the company of other men.
13.6 An eruption simply; according to others scabies.
14.2 See Matthew 8:4.
14.4 See Mark 1:44; Luke 5:14.
14.10 A setier of oil, 29 centiliters.
14.12 For the offense. See Leviticus, 5, 3.
14.22 See Leviticus 5:7, 11; 12:8; Luke 2:24.
14.54 And from the wound which degenerates into leprosy.
15.19 Separated ; that is to say, far removed from holy things.
16.1 See Leviticus 10:1-2.
16.2 See Exodus 30:10; Hebrews 9:7.
16.9 The one whose fate, etc. The goat that lot will have designated as being to be sacrificed to the Lord.
16.13 Who is on the testimony? ; for, on the ark in which is the testimony, that is, the law. Compare to Exodus, 20, 16; 26, 23.
16.17 See Luke 1:10.
16.18 The altar which, etc. This is the altar of perfumes.
16.27 See Hebrews 13:11.
16.29 See Leviticus 23:27-28. To afflict his soul, means, in the language of Scripture, to devote oneself to fasting and other works of penance.
16.31 It is a Sabbath of rest ; that is to say a rest of rest; Hebraism, for a great rest, the rest par excellence, or which must be observed more rigorously, more perfectly than others.
17.10 I will set my face against his soul ; That is to say, I will unleash my anger against him. Often in Scripture, the face and the anger of God are synonymous terms; likewise’soul And person, individual.
17.11 The soul of the flesh ; Life, the vital principle.
17.14 See Genesis 9:4; Leviticus 7:26.
18.5 See Ezekiel 20:11; Romans 10:5; Galatians 3:12.
18.21 See Leviticus 20:2. To the idol of Moloch. Moloch, the god of fire and the scorching sun, was represented, according to Jewish tradition, as a bronze bull, hollow and empty inside. He stretched out his arms like a man preparing to receive something. The monster was heated until white-hot, and then an innocent victim, a child, was offered as a burnt offering and promptly consumed. The father was present at the sacrifice. To prevent the father's entrails from being too torn apart, drums were supposedly beaten to stifle the child's cries.
18.23 See Leviticus 20:16.
18.25 This land ; that is to say, the land of Canaan.
19.2 See Leviticus 11:44; 1 Peter 1:16. I, the Lord your God. Many Mosaic laws and precepts are as if signed by these words with which they end.
19.8 His iniquity ; that is to say, the punishment for his iniquity.
19.9 See Leviticus 23:22.
19.12 See Exodus 20:7.
19.13 See Ecclesiasticus 10:6; Deuteronomy 24:14; Tobit 4:15. The work is put here for the price, the wage of labor.
19.15 See Deuteronomy 1:17; 16:19; Proverbs 24:23; Ecclesiasticus 42:1; James 2:2.
19.16 Against blood, etc. You shall not conspire against his life.
19.17 See Ecclesiasticus 19:13; Matthew 18:15; Luke 17:3; 1 John 2:11; 3:14.
19.18 See Matthew 5:43; 22:39; Luke 6:27; Romans 13:9.
19.19 From different threads, literally: Of two.
19.23 In the earth of Canaan, which I promised you.
19.24 Literally : All their fruit will be sanctified, worthy of praise. to the Lord. In the meals that accompanied the sacrifices, praises were celebrated to the Lord.
19.30 Fear my sanctuary ; That is to say, revere him, and approach him only as much as you are worthy.
19.33 See Exodus 22:21.
19.35 In the rule, length measurement; to the extent, capacity measurement for solids and liquids.
19.36 The bushel, L'’ephah, contained 38.88 liters; the setier, THE hin, 6 liters 49.
20.2 See Leviticus 18:21. To the idol of Moloch. See Leviticus, note 18.21.
20.7 See 1 Peter 1:16.
20.9 See Exodus 21:17; Proverbs 20:20; Matthew 15:4; Mark 7:10.
20.10 See Deuteronomy 22:22; John 8:5.
20.16 See Leviticus 18:23.
20.21 He will be, etc.; either that their children do not bear their own name, but that of their uncle, or that God absolutely refuses to grant them children.
20.26 See 1 Peter 1:16. I have separated you from all other peoples, so that you might be mine.. In the Holy Land, this separation was to be primarily moral and religious, but it also had to be physical and material, so that Israel could more easily preserve the deposit of the true religion. God subordinated everything to the religious mission of his people, which was Israel's primary vocation. To protect them from temptation, he imprisoned them, as it were, in Palestine, sheltered from all foreign contact. He did not want this race, which would one day demonstrate such an aptitude for commerce, to engage in trade and industry before their captivity, because their relations with neighboring peoples might have compromised the purity of their faith. To the south and east, he surrounded them with a belt of deserts; to the north, he raised before them the impassable mountains of the Lebanon. He did not even allow Israel to reach the shores of the Mediterranean, the great thoroughfare between the peoples of that time; he stationed powerful warriors along the coast, with whom the Hebrews were constantly at war and whom they could never completely subdue. Hence, for them, the necessity of living in isolation in the land of Canaan, largely inaccessible to foreigners.
20.27 See Deuteronomy 18:11; 1 Samuel 28:7. A python spirit. This expression, borrowed from Greek mythology, is used here to refer to a spirit of magic.
21.1 People became defiled by approaching a dead person, or by touching them, or by burying them.
21.5 See Leviticus 19:27; Ezekiel 44:20.
21.7 See Leviticus 19:29.
21.13 See Ezekiel 44:22.
21.17A stain on the body, or a noticeable deformity.
22.8 See Exodus 22:31; Leviticus 17:15; Deuteronomy 14:21; Ezekiel 44:31.
22.15 They ; That is, those who are not related to the priest. Compare to verse 13.
22.21 See Deuteronomy 15:21; Ecclesiasticus 35:14.
22.27-28 Beef. The word being epicene in Hebrew, it refers to both cow and ox.
23.5 See Exodus 12:18; Numbers 28:16.
23.15 See Deuteronomy 16:9.
23.22 See Leviticus 19:9.
23.24 He will be called ; Hebraism, for he will be a saint. Compare to Numbers, 29, 1.
23.27 See Leviticus 16:29; Numbers 29:7. — The seventh month of the sacred year began at the new moon of September.
23.29 Of his people. See Exodus, 30, 38.
23.32 It is a Sabbath of rest. See Leviticus, 16, vv. 29, 31.
23.36 See John 7:37.
24.12 In prison, in a place where it was kept, because there was no prison properly speaking.
24.17 See Exodus 21:12.
24.18 Soul for soul ; that is to say, individual for individual, animal for animal.
24.20 See Exodus 21:24; Deuteronomy 19:21; Matthew 5:38.
24.21 Who will strike to death, will kill.
25.2 See Exodus 16:30. Sabbathize the Sabbath ; Hebraism, for: Celebrate the Sabbath with great solemnity.
25.14-16 When land was sold, one had to take into account the number of years that had passed and the harvests that had been gathered between the Jubilee and the sale, because one was not selling the land itself, but only the produce of the crops. — «It is through lack of reflection that the provisions relating to debts and the alienation of land have been criticized. Known to all, anticipated by both buyer and seller, this event was no surprise to anyone. In anticipation of this deadline, everyone settled the conditions for the alienation of their estates. By nullifying any alienation of liberty or property, the law prevented the irreparable ruin of children through the sins of their father; it maintained a kind of balance among all the children of Israel; it substituted the sale of a usufruct for the irreparable alienation of the land; She was therefore heading towards those revolts of envy and hatred that bloodied the last years of the Roman Republic.» (A. PELLISSIER.)
26.1 See Exodus 20:4; Deuteronomy 5:8; Psalm 96:7. You will not erect monuments and you will not lay any remarkable stone. In the original, these are objects of idolaters which are prohibited for this reason.
26.3 See Deuteronomy 28:1.
26.12 See 2 Corinthians, 6, 16.
26.15 See Deuteronomy 28:15; Lamentations 2:17; Malachi 2:2.
26.26 THE bread is called stick, because it is the support of life, just as the staff is the support of the body. Compare to Ezekiel 4, 16; 5, 16.― And they will return them, etc. They will distribute them by weight and measure to their families, but there will not be enough to feed them. Compare to Ezekiel 4, 16-17.
26.29 So that you will eat, etc. This is what happened at the siege of Samaria and at the two sieges of Jerusalem.
26.30 Your landmarks. See Numbers, note 22.41.
26.35 Because, contrary to the law and out of avarice, you did not allow him the rest that God had destined for him.
27.3 Fifty shekels. See Exodus, note 21.32.
27.25 See Exodus 30:13; Numbers 3:47; Ezekiel 45:12.
